UK-Australia Centre in a Secure Internet of Energy: Supporting Electric Vehicle Infrastructure at the "Edge" of the Grid

能源互联网(IoE)是通过优化电能使用，尤其是电动汽车等新兴负载，实现“零碳”社会的典范。该范式是一种认识，即将物联网与能源和需求负载相结合，使数据流能够实时处理，以支持可行的决策支持。这种中心到中心合作的目的是在未来万物互联系统的网络弹性方面进行基础的多学科研究。由于电动汽车可能在未来最大限度地利用电池容量，它们将在万物互联基础设施中发挥关键作用。根据《2020年全球电动汽车展望》报告((https://www.iea.org/reports/global-evoutlook-2020，国际能源署)，2019年全球电动汽车销量超过210万辆，超过2018年--这已经是创纪录的一年--将电动汽车库存推高至720万辆。随着两轮/三轮车、公共汽车和卡车电气化技术的进步和市场的增长，电动汽车正在显著扩大。这一增长通过政府法规进一步放大，例如逐步淘汰柴油和汽油车。在英国和澳大利亚，这一比例也可能会增长。为了实现气候变化目标，到2030年，英国必须有一半的汽车是电动的(根据英国政府的说法)。同样，澳大利亚政府(https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/))预测，到2040年，电动汽车(EVS)预计将占新车销量的70%至100%。为了满足日益增长的电动汽车人口的需求，英国和澳大利亚政府正在加大充电基础设施的安装力度。例如，现在英国各地有超过3.5万个充电点连接器，分布在13000多个地点-仅在2020年就增加了约7000个充电点连接器。这使得电动汽车成为万物互联中重要的能源消费者，其电池还提供了在紧急情况或意外需求激增时存储能量的潜力。然而，只有当我们能够确保电动汽车(EVS)、充电基础设施和国家电网之间的互动时，这一好处才能有效实现。自2016年以来，涉及车辆的网络事件数量增长了605%，事故率同比翻了一番(根据2020上游安全的全球汽车网络安全报告)。这种网络攻击的目标不仅是私人电动汽车，也包括商业电动汽车。该提案结合了攻击建模、数据合成、攻击生成以及使用英国和澳大利亚的试验台对这些进行验证的工作流程。将开发一个模拟器，以支持对电动汽车进行的网络弹性方面的一些“假设”调查。该提案中的合作伙伴拥有网络安全、电力电子、电动汽车、人工智能和分布式计算方面的专业知识，并在多站点协作方面拥有丰富的经验。该项目开发的万物互联(IoE)(网络-物理)安全理论还将有助于加速采用电网边缘的电动汽车能源消耗者。该提议还将为经验丰富的早期职业研究人员提供机会，共同应对以上确定的挑战。作为这项提议的一部分，英国和澳大利亚将制定一个“未来领导者”培训计划，在英国和澳大利亚的合作伙伴之间建立一个学生和学术人员之间的“思想交流”社区。我们的行业合作伙伴还将通过研讨会和沙坑活动来确定与行业相关的用例，并为未来的创业提供基础(与我们机构的创业团队合作)。开发的共享试验台和模拟环境也将在这项工作完成后提供遗产。

The Internet of Energy (IoE) is a paradigm towards achieving a "zero-carbon" society by optimising electrical energy usage, especially for emerging loads such as Electric Vehicles. The paradigm is a recognition that integrating the internet of things with energy sources and demand loads, enables real-time processing of data streams to support actionable decision support. The aim of this centre-to-centre collaboration is to conduct fundamental multi-disciplinary research in the cyber resilience of future IoE systems. As electric vehicles are likely to make the greatest use of battery capacity in the future, they will play a key role in the IoE infrastructures. According to the "Global EV Outlook 2020" report (https://www.iea.org/reports/global-evoutlook-2020, International Energy Agency), Electric Vehicle sales topped 2.1M globally in 2019, surpassing 2018 - already a record year - to boost the stock to 7.2M electric cars. As technological progress in the electrification of two/three-wheelers, buses and trucks advances and the market for them grows, electric vehicles are expanding significantly. This growth is further amplified through government regulations, e.g. phasing out of diesel and petrol vehicles. This percentage is also likely to grow both in the United Kingdom and Australia. To meet climate-change goals, half of UK cars must be electric by 2030 (according to the UK government). Similarly, the Australian government (https://www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/) predicts that by 2040, electric vehicles (EVs) are projected to account for 70% to 100% of new vehicle sales. To meet the demand of the growing EV population, UK and Australian governments are ramping up the installation of charging infrastructure. For example, there are now more than 35,000 charge point connectors across the UK in over 13,000 locations - with around 7,000 charge point connectors added in 2020 alone. This makes electrical vehicles significant energy consumers in the IoE, with their batteries also providing the potential for energy storage in times of emergency or unexpected surges in demand. However, this benefit can only be effectively realised if we can secure the interaction between Electric Vehicles (EVs), charging infrastructure and the national grid. Since 2016, the number of cyber incidents involving vehicles has increased by 605%, with incident rates doubling on a year to year basis (according to 2020 Upstream security's global automotive cybersecurity report). The target of such cyber-attacks is not only private EVs but also commercial EVs. This proposal combines workstreams on attack modelling, data synthesis, attack generation and validation of these using testbeds across the UK and Australia. A simulator will be developed to support a number of "what-if" investigations in cyber resilience for EVs to be carried out. Partners in this proposal have expertise in cybersecurity, power electronics, electrical vehicles, artificial intelligence and distributed computing, and have extensive prior experience in multi-site collaborations. The IoE (cyber-physical) security theory developed in this project will also contribute to accelerated adoption of EV energy prosumers at the edge of the power grid.This proposal will also provide an opportunity for experienced and early career researchers to work collectively on the challenges identified above. A "future leaders" training programme will be developed as part of this proposal to create an "ideas exchange" community across students and academic faculty between the UK and Australian partners. Our industry partners will also be engaged through workshops and "sandpit" events to identify use cases that have industry relevance and which could provide the basis for future startups (in collaboration with entrepreneurship teams at our institutions). The shared testbeds and simulation environment developed will also provide a legacy on completion of this work.