PROSTATE, LUNG, COLORECTAL AND OVARIAN (PLCO) CANCER

前列腺癌、肺癌、结肠直肠癌和卵巢癌筛查试验是 旨在确定入组时年龄在60-74岁之间的受试者是否： a. 在女性和男性中（1）采用乙状结肠镜检查进行筛查（60 cm乙状结肠镜）可以降低结肠直肠癌的死亡率;以及，（2） 胸部x光检查可降低肺癌死亡率。 B.男性（1）直肠指检加血清筛查 前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）可以降低前列腺疾病的死亡率。 癌症; C.在女性中（1例）进行盆腔检查加CA 125筛查， 经阴道超声可以降低卵巢癌的死亡率; 次要目的是： (1)评估除死亡率以外的筛选变量， 干预措施，包括敏感性、特异性和阳性预测 价值;（2）评估癌症的发病率，分期和生存经验 探讨生物学指标对死亡率的预测价值 和/或肿瘤组织作为中间体的预后表征 端点。 该承包商将招募并随机进行筛选或对照 20，000名受试者性别均衡。 筛选将每年进行一次， 四年，除了乙状结肠镜检查将只在最初的 最后一个屏幕。 受试者将从入组起接受10年随访。 一 10个参与者将招募148，000名受试者 筛查中心。该试验还包括数据管理和 协调中心和血液化验实验室。

The Prostate, Lung, Colon-rectum and Ovary Cancer Screening Trial is designed to determine in screenees aged 60-74 years at entry whether: a. In females and males (1) screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy (60 cm sigmoidoscope) can reduce mortality from colo-rectal cancer; and, (2) screening with chest x-ray can reduce mortality from lung cancer. b.In males (1) screening with digital rectal examination plus serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) can reduce mortality from prostate cancer; c. In females (1) screening with pelvic examination plus CA 125 and transvaginal ultrasound can reduce mortality from ovarian cancer; The secondary objectives are: (1) to assess screening variables other than mortality for each of the interventions including sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value; (2) to assess incidence, stage, and survival experience of cancer cases and (3) to investigate the mortality predictive value of biologic and or prognostic characterizations of tumor tissue as intermediate endpoints. This contractor will recruit and randomize to screening or control 20,000 subjects in equal gender balance. Screening will be annual for four years, except that sigmoidoscopy will be done only in the initial and last screen. Subjects will be followed for ten years from entry. A total of 148,000 subjects will be recruited by ten participating Screening Centers. The trial also includes a Data Management and Coordinating Center and a Laboratory for blood assays.