PROSTATE, LUNG, COLORECTAL AND OVARIAN SCREENING TRIAL

该子项目是利用NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源的许多研究子项目之一。子项目和研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得主要资金，因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为中心，不一定是研究者所在机构。在美国，前列腺癌、肺癌、结肠直肠癌和卵巢癌是导致大多数癌症死亡的原因。PLCO试验是一项10个中心的研究，旨在确定筛查是否能减少这四种癌症的死亡。在全国范围内，154，900名参与者已入组，其中14，300名受试者通过犹他州大学入组。年龄在55-74岁之间的男性和女性被平等地随机分配到“筛查”组和“常规护理”组。随机接受筛查的组每年接受前列腺特异性抗原（男性前列腺癌）或CA 125（女性卵巢癌）的血液检测，持续6年。每年进行胸部X光、直肠指检（仅男性）和经阴道超声（仅女性），持续4年，第1年和第6年进行乙状结肠镜检查。这项研究的主要目的是确定两组的癌症特异性死亡率。其他终点包括筛查试验的灵敏度、特异性和阳性预测值，以及在诊断时定义癌症的阶段。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Cancers of the prostate, lung, colorectum and ovaries cause the majority of cancer deaths in the U.S. The PLCO Trial is a 10-center study designed to determine if screening can reduce deaths due to these four cancers. Nationwide, 154,900 participants have been enrolled, with 14,300 subjects being enrolled through the University of Utah. Men and women ages 55-74 have been randomized equally to a "screened" group and a "usual care" group. The group randomized to receive screening receives blood tests for prostate specific antigen (for prostate cancer in men) or CA125 (for ovarian cancer in women) yearly for 6 years. Chest x-ray, digital rectal examination (men only), and transvaginal ultrasound (women only) are performed yearly for 4 years, and flexible sigmoidoscopy is performed years 1 and 6. The major objective of the study is to determine cancer-specific mortality in the two groups. Other endpoints include sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the screening tests and to define the stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis.