PROSTATE, LUNG, COLORECTAL AND OVARIAN SCREENING TRIAL

这个子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供的资源的许多研究子项目之一。子项目和调查员(PI)可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可能会出现在其他CRISE条目中。列出的机构是针对中心的，而不一定是针对调查员的机构。前列腺癌、肺癌、结直肠癌和卵巢癌是美国大多数癌症死亡的原因。PLCO试验是一项10个中心的研究，旨在确定筛查是否可以减少这四种癌症的死亡。在全国范围内，已有154,900名参与者注册，其中14,300名受试者是通过犹他大学注册的。年龄在55岁到74岁之间的男性和女性被随机分为“筛查”组和“常规护理”组。随机接受筛查的那组人每年接受前列腺癌特异性抗原(男性前列腺癌)或CA125(女性卵巢癌)的血液测试，为期6年。每年进行胸部X光检查、直肠指诊(仅限男性)和经阴道超声(仅限女性)，为期4年，并在第1年和第6年进行乙状结肠镜检查。研究的主要目的是确定这两组患者的癌症特异性死亡率。其他终点包括筛查试验的敏感度、特异度和阳性预测值，以及在诊断时确定癌症分期。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Cancers of the prostate, lung, colorectum and ovaries cause the majority of cancer deaths in the U.S. The PLCO Trial is a 10-center study designed to determine if screening can reduce deaths due to these four cancers. Nationwide, 154,900 participants have been enrolled, with 14,300 subjects being enrolled through the University of Utah. Men and women ages 55-74 have been randomized equally to a "screened" group and a "usual care" group. The group randomized to receive screening receives blood tests for prostate specific antigen (for prostate cancer in men) or CA125 (for ovarian cancer in women) yearly for 6 years. Chest x-ray, digital rectal examination (men only), and transvaginal ultrasound (women only) are performed yearly for 4 years, and flexible sigmoidoscopy is performed years 1 and 6. The major objective of the study is to determine cancer-specific mortality in the two groups. Other endpoints include sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the screening tests and to define the stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis.