'Diaspora States' in Somalia and Afghanistan: New Perspectives on Post-War Politics, Dual Citizenship and International Statebuilding

自20世纪90年代末以来，散居海外的精英们大量返回战后国家，在政府、政治和军队中担任高层职位。虽然学者们在一系列学科和背景下都提到了这一趋势，但它对现代治理的影响——国家-社会关系、代议制民主和包容性发展——并没有成为比较政治学和国际关系领域任何系统研究的重点。本项目采用创新的实验方法和定性案例研究比较来研究散居人口回归如何影响索马里和阿富汗这两个世界上最脆弱的战后背景下的政治和体制发展。这些国家经历了最大的难民危机和最长的外国干预，并具有类似的社会政治格局。本研究采用混合方法研究精英和国家行为以及公众舆论，定义了一种新现象——“散居国家”，并对双重国籍公民在权力位置上的过度代表如何导致治理不善、战争复发和政治暴力进行了假设。该项目将在阿尔弗雷德·迪肯公民与全球化研究所和伦敦经济学院进行。产出将包括一本专著、三篇学术论文和对决策的直接影响。这个项目将提高我的职业前景：使我成为战后政治和发展的政治经济学的主要专家，扩大我的方法培训和出版记录，并提高我在国际研究网络中获得更大合作资助的竞争力。同样重要的是，该项目的成果有助于欧洲重新思考其在全球倡议中的角色，以及如何通过提高透明度、问责制、法治和平等，更好地支持民主进程和对治理的信任。

Since the late 1990s diaspora elites have returned in great numbers to post-war countries to take up top positions in government, politics, and the military. While scholars have alluded to this trend across a range of disciplines and contexts, its effects on modern governance - state-society relations, representative democracy, and inclusive development - have not been the focus of any systematic research in the fields of comparative politics and international relations. This project uses innovative experimental methodologies and qualitative case-study comparisons to examine how diaspora return affects political and institutional development in two of the world's most fragile post-war contexts, namely Somalia and Afghanistan. These cases experienced the largest refugee crises and the longest foreign interventions, and have comparable socio-political landscapes. Using a mixed methods approach to study elite and state behaviour and public opinion, this research defines a new phenomenon - 'diaspora states' - and hypothesises about how the overrepresentation of dual citizens in positions of power engenders poor governance, war recurrenceand political violence. The project will be carried out at the Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation and the London School of Economics. The outputs will include a monograph, three academic papers and direct impacts on policy-making. This project will enhance my career prospects by: establishing me as a leading expert in post-war politics and the political economy of development, expanding my methodological training and publication record, and increasing my competitiveness for larger collaborative grants across international research networks. No less importantly, the results of the project contributes to Europe's rethinking of its role in global initiatives and how it can better support democratic processes and trust in governance through improved transparency, accountability, rule of law and equality.