TOXIC METALS--BIOLOGICAL/ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS

有毒金属——生物/环境影响

• 批准号: 2156761
• 负责人: KAREN E WETTERHAHN
• 金额: $ 146.83万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-05-01 至 2000-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2156761
• 关键词: arsenic; chemical carcinogen; environmental contamination; environmental toxicology; heavy metals

The list of 22 chemicals of specific interest to the Superfund cleanup efforts provided to NIEHS by the EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency, contains eight metals: lead, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, zinc, copper, mercury, and nickel. Many human health problems, including cancer and heart/circulatory diseases, are linked to external exposure to toxic metals or disruption of normal cellular processes involving endogenous metals. The overall objectives of the Program Project Toxic Metals in the Northeast: From Biological to Environmental Implications are to understand, assess and attenuate the adverse effects on human health resulting from environmental exposure to the toxic metals lead, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, zinc, copper, mercury, nickel and iron. These toxic metals emanate from highly contaminated Superfund sites and lead to high levels of exposure to living organisms. Most of these same metals also are often found ubitquitously in low to moderate levels in the environment and lead to chronic low levels of exposure to living organisms. The combination of acute high level exposure to toxic metals coupled with chronic lower level exposure to toxic metals may result in unique biological and environmental consequences. The Program Project addresses these complex issues using a multidisciplinary approach. This Program Project consists of both biomedical and non-biomedical studies of toxic metals in the Northeast, and consists of 7 individual research projects (4 biomedical and 3 non-biomedical: biogeochemical; hydrogeological; ecological; and engineering) and 4 cores (Administrative Support Core, Molecular Biology Core, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) Core and Training Core). The participating faculty will create a unique intellectual interface among the various fields and thereby facilitate multidisciplinary integrated research and training. Biochemical and molecular biology studies (Project 1 - Induction of Oxidative Stress and Activation of Transcription Factors by Toxic Metals, Project 2 - Molecular Basis for Effects of Carcinogenic Metals on Inducible Gene Expression, and Project 3 - Effect of Toxic Metals on Heme Biosynthesis and Degradation in Hepatic and Erythroid Cells) and epidemiological studies (Project 4 - Epidemiology of Arsenic and Other Toxic Metals) will be directed toward elucidating the fundamental mechanisms of metal toxicity and measuring human exposure to toxic metals. The mechanisms of metal release and dispersion into the environment will be addressed using biogeochemical (Project 5 - Investigations of the Sources and Mobility of Lead and Cadmium in Soil, Soilwater, Groundwater and Vegetation in the Northeastern US.: Potential for Human Exposure), hydrogeological (Project 6 - Subsurface Transport and Fate of Cadmium, Arsenic, and Lead: Groundwater Flow and Chemical Speciation in Heterogeneous, Unconsolidated Geological Materials) and ecological (Project 7 - Variation in Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Metals in Lakes Throughout the Northeastern Region of the U.S.A.) approaches. Every Project will examine arsenic as well as other toxic metals. These studies should lead to significant new basic and applied research on metal toxicity and therefore should produce results that will lead to reduction of human exposure and reduction of human health risks due to toxic metals. The Training Core will produce a new kind of scientist, uniquely trained from a multidisciplinary approach, who will be able to tackle and solve future complex problems associated with environmental health.

超级基金清理特别关注的22种化学品清单 EPA固体废物和应急办公室向NIEHS提供的努力， 含有八种金属：铅、铬、砷、镉、锌、铜， 汞和镍。 许多人类健康问题，包括癌症和 心脏/循环系统疾病与外部接触有毒物质有关。 金属或干扰正常细胞过程， 金属. 有毒金属项目的总体目标是： 东北：从生物到环境的影响 了解、评估和减轻对人类健康的不利影响 由于环境暴露于有毒金属铅，铬， 砷、镉、锌、铜、汞、镍和铁。 这些有毒 金属散发出高度污染的超级基金网站，并导致高 暴露于生物体的水平。 大多数金属也 经常在低到中等水平的过度发现， 环境和导致慢性低水平暴露于生活 有机体 急性高水平接触有毒金属 再加上长期低水平接触有毒金属， 独特的生物和环境后果。 方案项目 使用多学科方法解决这些复杂问题。 这 计划项目包括生物医学和非生物医学研究 有毒金属在东北部，并包括7个单独的研究 项目（4个生物医学项目和3个非生物医学项目：地球化学项目; 水文地质;生态;和工程）和4个核心（行政 支持核心，分子生物学核心，电感耦合等离子体质谱 光谱仪（ICP-MS）核心和培训核心）。 参与的教师 将在各个领域之间建立一个独特的知识界面， 从而促进多学科综合研究和培训。 生物化学和分子生物学研究（项目1 -诱导 有毒金属引起的氧化应激和转录因子的激活， 项目2 -致癌金属对人体健康影响的分子基础 诱导基因表达和项目3 -有毒金属对血红素的影响 肝细胞和红系细胞中的生物合成和降解）和 流行病学研究（项目4 -砷和其他 有毒金属）将直接阐明基本的 金属毒性机制和测量人类接触有毒物质 金属. 金属释放和分散到 环境将使用地球化学（项目5 - 土壤中铅、镉的来源及迁移性研究， 美国东北部的土壤水、地下水和植被：潜在 人类接触）、水文地质学（项目6 -地下运输 镉、砷和铅的迁移和归宿：地下水流动和化学变化 非均质、松散地质材料中的形态）和 生态（项目7 -生物累积和生物放大的变化 美国东北部地区湖泊中的金属） 接近。 每个项目都将检查砷以及其他有毒物质 金属. 这些研究应导致重要的新的基础和应用 研究金属毒性，因此应该产生的结果， 从而减少人类接触和降低人类健康风险 因为有毒金属。 训练核心将产生一种新的 科学家，从多学科的方法独特的训练，谁将 能够处理和解决未来的复杂问题， 环境卫生。