MICROBIAL DETOXICATION/DEGRADATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTES

危险废物的微生物解毒/降解

• 批准号: 2153823
• 负责人: JOHN C LOPER
• 金额: $ 130.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-04-01 至 2000-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2153823
• 关键词: biotechnology; biotransformation; environmental contamination; environmental toxicology; industrial waste; microorganism metabolism; waste treatment

This is an interdisciplinary basic research, training and industrial outreach program aimed at the reduction of risk to human health through the development of new methods for the detection of hazardous substances and the development of advanced microbial systems to degrade major categories of hazardous environmentally recalcitrant pollutants. The proposed research focuses upon the mixtures of organic chemicals and toxic metals characteristically found at abandoned urban coal gasification waste sites and landfills, and surface waters contaminated with azo dyes and dyestuffs. The proposal calls for seven research projects, an administrative and training core and a technology resource core. Project 1 examines the genes and pathways of microbial P450 monooxygenase-based detoxication and of bacterial azo dye azoreductases, and the use of this genetic information in the characterization of degradative microbial communities. Project 2 seeks to identify the biological and physico-chemical parameters of importance for the environmental fate and enhanced aerobic degradation of azo dyes. Project 3 emphasizes the microbial degradation of 4 and 5 ring aromatic hydrocarbons and N-heterocyclic compounds as they exist in metal- contaminated mixtures of coal gas waste sites. The next project examines the mechanisms of genetic damage by chromium, using genetic targets in shuttle vectors in mammalian cells, in yeast strains chosen for their known defects in DNA repair and response to oxidative stress, and in in vitro DNA replication systems. Project 5 emphasizes the development of analytical methods for complex environmental samples, including organometals, using advanced methods in analytical separations coupled to ultra-trace detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The next Project studies the microstructure and microenvironment of biofilm development and stability of biodegradation processes, using azo dyes and metals and organometals in experimental mixtures. The last Project examines degradation and environmental fate of organic pollutants and toxic metals in the green plant/soil/microflora of the rhizosphere. The Technology Resource Core operates as a source of analytical expertise and support for interdisciplinary research in the program, and provides partial support for collaborative research on methods development for solutions to environmental problems of manufacturing industries. Interdisciplinary collaborative efforts by the several investigators constitutes a defining characteristic of the overall research program. Research collaborations also are the basis of the interdisciplinary Ph.D trainee program. Trainees receive vigorous training in a research discipline plus broad experience in the problems and approaches to reducing toxic waste hazards to human health, and take an active role in advancing the interdisciplinary communication and research collaboration among the disciplines.

这是一个跨学科的基础研究，培训和工业 旨在减少人类健康风险的推广方案， 开发检测有害物质的新方法 以及先进微生物系统的发展， 有害环境的柠檬酸类污染物。 的 拟议的研究重点是有机化学品的混合物， 在废弃的城市煤炭中发现的有毒金属 气化废物场和垃圾填埋场以及受污染的地表沃茨 偶氮染料和染料。 该提案要求进行七项研究 项目、行政和培训核心以及技术资源 核心 项目1研究微生物P450的基因和途径 基于单加氧酶的解毒和细菌偶氮染料偶氮还原酶， 以及利用这些遗传信息来表征 降解微生物群落。 项目2旨在确定 生物和物理化学参数的重要性， 环境命运和增强的好氧降解偶氮染料。 项目 3强调微生物降解4、5环芳烃 碳氢化合物和N-杂环化合物，因为它们存在于金属中， 受污染的混合煤气废物场地。 下一个项目审查 铬的遗传损伤机制，使用遗传靶点， 穿梭载体在哺乳动物细胞中，在酵母菌株中， DNA修复和对氧化应激反应的已知缺陷， 体外DNA复制系统。 项目5强调发展 复杂环境样品的分析方法，包括 有机金属，使用先进的分析分离方法， 涉及通过电感耦合等离子体质谱的超痕量检测。 下一个项目研究的微观结构和微环境 生物膜的发展和生物降解过程的稳定性，使用偶氮 染料、金属和有机金属的实验混合物。 最后一 项目研究有机污染物的降解和环境归宿 以及根际绿色植物/土壤/微生物群落中的有毒金属。 技术资源核心作为分析专业知识的来源运作 支持跨学科研究，并提供 部分支持关于方法开发的合作研究， 解决制造业的环境问题。 几位研究者的跨学科合作努力 构成了整个研究计划的一个定义性特征。 研究合作也是跨学科博士学位的基础 实习生计划。 学员在一项研究中接受严格的培训， 学科加上在问题和方法方面的广泛经验， 减少有毒废物对人类健康的危害，并在以下方面发挥积极作用： 促进跨学科交流和研究合作 在学科之间。