Dealing with Evolving Constraints In Design Systems for Net Zero (DECIDE for Net Zero)

应对净零设计系统中不断变化的约束（净零决策）

• 批准号: EP/X041719/1
• 负责人: Mark Price
• 金额: $ 250.45万
• 依托单位: Queen's University Belfast
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FX041719%2F1
• 关键词: Dealing; Evolving; Constraints; Design; Systems

The UK Net Zero Strategy published in October 2021 reflects the urgency of action needed to avoid climate catastrophe. The net zero journey outlined therein addresses economy and emissions reduction in all sectors, with the specific challenge in aviation a notable element. Global aviation is currently responsible for 2% of emissions with 90% currently from aircraft operations, and this will grow progressively as air transportation grows. In response to this technology and policy are changing rapidly offering both opportunity and challenge, but the standard design systems and processes in practice today are insufficiently agile to support the current need for novel designs that can adapt to these rapidly changing future needs. With current approaches solutions get locked in early based on the available technology level, and optimised around that technology, and consequently have limited opportunity for upgrade and enhancement through operational life, which in the case of aerospace is decades. But delivery of net zero demands radical change quickly. Agile and adaptable design systems are needed to help develop solutions that can be easily upgraded to use advanced technology as it emerges.The key here is that constraints are needed to to allow a baseline solution to be found, but in then optimising around this baseline the constraints become a barrier to future enhancements. To allow future variation without redesign needs new capability. In particular capability to map and measure a design space and to subsequently be able to dynamically change the constraints was found to be a core need for progress in this area. The mapping and measurement capability is needed to understand how constraints are influencing the design at this point in time, and the capability to deal with changing constraints to allow understanding of how the design could change with new technology advance or policy changes. The four research questions emerging from this are therefore:1. Navigation of Dynamic Design Spaces: How can constraints be represented in a design model such that a changing design space can be navigated and the constraints driving or limiting the design can be identified, and their influence on the design quantified?2. Evolving Constraints over time: How can constraints be allowed to evolve over time and their influence on the design solutions over time captured, including ability to prioritise requirements/constraints?3. Measurement and Evaluation of Solution Paths: What metrics are appropriate for maintaining a set of time-history linked solutions open to further development? 4. Keeping Design Options Open: How can design options be kept open, and how cantechnology changes/policy changes or removal over a long time period be studied?In DECIDE for Net Zero constraints will be permitted to evolve just as every part of the design can. In doing this the design context itself will evolve, creating new fitness landscapes for product evolution. Contrary to standard practice today which is to optimise as far as possible, the aim here is to generate a diverse population of solutions that will have many individuals that survive major disruptions even if some may fail. This is moving significantly beyond current concepts of robust design. This variation of constraints requires a completely novel design system architecture using time history dependent genetics. Geometric analogies for design spaces will allow innovative design tools to support exploration of design spaces in a more meaningful way and the latest bio-inspired methodologies will allow exploration of how products evolve in the context of ever-changing constraints. With this capability robust baseline designs can be developed that will enable the fastest transition to net zero, for example a more modular airframe that can accept plug and play solutions for hydrogen or electric propulsion systems and energy supply which are easy to cost effective to maintain.

2021年10月发布的英国净零战略反映了避免气候灾难所需行动的紧迫性。其中概述的净零旅程涉及所有部门的经济和减排，其中航空领域的具体挑战是一个值得注意的因素。全球航空业目前占排放量的2%，其中90%来自飞机运营，随着航空运输的增长，这一比例将逐步增长。为了应对这一挑战，技术和政策正在迅速变化，提供了机遇和挑战，但目前实践中的标准设计系统和流程不够灵活，无法支持当前对能够适应这些快速变化的未来需求的新颖设计的需求。采用目前的方法，解决方案在早期基于现有技术水平被锁定，并围绕该技术进行优化，因此在使用寿命期间升级和增强的机会有限，在航空航天的情况下是几十年。但要实现净零排放，需要迅速进行彻底的变革。敏捷和适应性强的设计系统有助于开发解决方案，这些解决方案可以在出现时轻松升级以使用先进技术。这里的关键是，需要约束来允许找到基线解决方案，但在围绕此基线进行优化时，约束会成为未来改进的障碍。为了允许未来的变化而无需重新设计，需要新的能力。特别是，绘制和测量设计空间的能力以及随后能够动态地改变约束的能力被认为是这一领域取得进展的核心需要。需要映射和测量能力来了解约束如何影响此时的设计，以及处理不断变化的约束的能力，以便了解设计如何随着新技术的进步或政策的变化而变化。因此，由此产生的四个研究问题是：1。动态设计空间的导航：如何在设计模型中表示约束，以便可以导航不断变化的设计空间，识别驱动或限制设计的约束，并量化它们对设计的影响？2.随着时间的推移不断演变的约束：如何允许约束随着时间的推移而演变，以及如何捕捉它们对设计解决方案的影响，包括确定需求/约束优先级的能力？3.解决方案路径的测量和评估：什么样的度量标准适合于维护一组与时间历史相关的解决方案，以供进一步开发？4.保持设计选项打开：如何保持设计方案的开放性，如何研究长期以来的技术变化/政策变化或拆除？在DECIDE for Net Zero中，约束将被允许像设计的每个部分一样演变。在这样做的过程中，设计环境本身将不断发展，为产品的发展创造新的适应环境。与今天的标准做法相反，这是尽可能优化，这里的目标是产生一个多样化的解决方案，将有许多人生存的重大中断，即使有些人可能会失败。这大大超出了当前的稳健设计概念。这种约束的变化需要一个全新的设计系统架构，使用时间历程依赖遗传学。设计空间的几何类比将允许创新的设计工具以更有意义的方式支持设计空间的探索，最新的生物启发方法将允许探索产品如何在不断变化的约束条件下发展。利用这种能力，可以开发出鲁棒的基线设计，这将能够最快地过渡到净零，例如，更加模块化的机身，可以接受氢或电推进系统和能源供应的即插即用解决方案，这些解决方案易于成本有效地维护。