REGULATION OF ENERGY METABOLISM IN AGING AND DISEASE--CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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This project examines mitochondrial functioning in old age and in pathological states in which decreased energy transduction by mitochondria may compromise tissue survival. We have focused this year on mitochondrial functioning in the hearts of rats made diabetic by treatment with streptozotocin and studied in the chronic stage (6-8 weeks after treatment) of the disease. Mitochondria isolated from hearts of diabetic animals were shown to exhibit an unchanged capacity for oxidation of substrate (glutamat plus malate) and unchanged respiratory control ratios. Direct measurement of the Ca2+ gradient across the mitochondrial membrane ([Ca2+]m/[Ca2+]o) with indo-1-loaded mitochondria showed no difference between diabetic and control animals. However, studies of mitochondrial free Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]m, in situ in single, isolated cardiac myocytes, using a fluorescence microscopy technique developed in LCS, showed that [Ca2+]m rises less in response to electrical stimulation from diabetic animals than from age- matched controls. Peak values of [Ca2+]m were 0.30 q 0.02 fM and 0.45 q 0.02 fM for diabetic and control animals respectively: the difference is significant (p<0.05). However, values of resting, non-stimulated [Ca2+]m were higher in cells from the diabetic animals (0.13 q 0.01 fM vs 0.07 q 0.01 fM for diabetic and control, respectively). Together, these results suggest a lesion in excitation-contraction coupling mechanisms in this mode of diabetic cardiomyopathy - a proposal that could be tested directly by measurements of cytosol free Ca2+. The failure of [Ca2+]m to rise to as great an extent on stimulation of the myocytes from the diabetic animal could underlie the failure to activate pyruvate oxidation, as described elsewhere.