BASIC AND CLINICAL STUDIES OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM

该计划项目带来了积累的专业知识和各种 伊顿14名知名调查人员的知识观点- 皮博迪实验室承担了一些基本问题， 脊椎动物的听觉机制 实验室提供广泛的覆盖范围 包括解剖学，生理学，化学， 药理学、电气工程学和心理学，再加上临床 神经学和耳鼻喉科的专业知识。 9个拟议项目目标 还有很多领域我们仍然知之甚少 中耳研究 联合收割机的观点，工程为基础的研究人员的中耳 机械与执业耳科医生的外科观点，以解决 关于非听骨声学传输的问题， 与中耳病变的手术治疗相关。 内耳 研究结合了联合收割机生理学和电子工程学的专业知识， 研究感觉器官中离子稳态的潜在机制 上皮细胞，对它的理解是解释细胞 对内耳受到的各种伤害的反应，包括噪音-或 药物引起的听力损失 在一个相互关联的四人组中， 解剖学，生理学和药理学项目，七名研究人员 集中他们的专业知识来研究中间和内部的声音反射， 耳朵 这些主要的反馈途径可以有各种各样的功能， 其中之一可以是改进噪声环境中的信号检测。 了解这些反射的运作特点是相关的 听力受损的问题比简单的问题更复杂 门槛变化。 另一个由三个项目组成的相互关联的分组是 研究听觉信息如何被中枢神经系统处理 系统 从系统的角度来看，提出了两个项目， 神经元处理机制的基础音高知觉和 将研究声音在空间的定位。 最后一个项目旨在 测量和数学建模不同神经元的贡献， 脑干听觉诱发反应的类型。 所得 这些信息最终将导致诱发性脑电的新的临床应用。 听觉功能障碍的诊断潜力， 明确的有机起源。

This Program Project brings the cumulative expertise and varied intellectual perspectives of 14 established investigators in the Eaton- Peabody Laboratory to bear on a number of fundamental issues underlying vertebrate auditory mechanisms. The laboratory offers broad-based coverage of scientific disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, chemistry, pharmacology, electrical engineering, and psychology, coupled with clinical expertise in neurology and otolaryngology. Nine proposed projects target a number of areas that are still poorly understood. Middle-ear studies combine the perspectives of engineering-based researchers of middle-ear mechanics with the surgical perspectives of practicing otologists to tackle issues concerning non-ossicular acoustic transmission, issues directly relevant to surgical management of middle-ear pathologies. Inner-ear studies combine physiological and electrical-engineering expertise to investigate mechanisms underlying ionic homeostasis in the sensory epithelium, an understanding of which is key to explaining the cellular response to a wide range of insults to the inner ear, including noise- or drug-induced hearing losses. In an interconnected grouping of four anatomical, physiological and pharmacological projects, seven researchers pool their expertise to study the acoustic reflexes of the middle and inner ears. These major feedback pathways can have a variety of functions, one of which may be to improve signal detection in noisy environments. Understanding the operating characteristics of these reflexes is relevant to problems of the hearing impaired that are more complex than simple threshold changes. Another interconnected grouping of three projects is directed at how auditory information is processed by the central nervous system. From a systems perspective, two projects are proposed in which the neuronal processing schemes underlying pitch perception and the localization of sounds in space will be studied. The last project aims to measure and mathematically model the contribution of different neuronal types to the brainstem auditory evoked responses. The resulting information should eventually lead to new clinical uses of evoked potentials in the diagnosis of auditory malfunctions that have as yet no clearly articulated organic origins.