Forest ecosystems and their resilience to climate extremes across Europe

欧洲森林生态系统及其对极端气候的适应能力

• 批准号: EP/Y003810/1
• 负责人: Tommaso Jucker
• 金额: $ 203.16万
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FY003810%2F1
• 关键词: Forest; ecosystems; their; resilience; climate

Over the past several decades European forest have played a major role in slowing the pace of climate change by sequestering vast amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it as wood. However, growing evidence suggests that this carbon sink is now weakening, with potentially disastrous consequences for international efforts to keep global warming within 2 degrees C. This recent dip in the strength of the forest carbon sink is thought to be linked, at least in part, to a rise in the frequency and intensity of hot dry summers in Europe - including the record-breaking heatwaves of 2003, 2010 and 2018-19. If Europe's forests are to continue being part of the solution for transitioning to a low-carbon future, we urgently need to understand how these ecosystems are impacted by and recover from periods of extreme water stress. The overarching goal of the FORTRESS project is to generate the first complete picture of how extreme heat and drought impact the ability of European forests to sequester and store carbon: from the growth and survival of individual tree seedlings, to population dynamics across entire landscapes. Using a unique combination of manipulative experiments, long-term retrospective analyses of tree ring records, real-time ecophysiological data from a pan-European wireless tree sensor network, cutting-edge remote sensing and machine learning, this project aims to: (i) reveal which European tree species are most resilient to climate extremes and why; (ii) uncover how climate constrains tree growth and water use at daily, seasonal, annual and multi-decadal time scales; and (iii) develop the next generation of early warning signals that predict a tree's risk of mortality from hydraulic failure using a range of data, including satellite imagery. In doing so, the FORTRESS project will radically transform our ability to manage, monitor and model Europe's forest ecosystems into the future.

在过去的几十年中，欧洲森林在减慢气候变化的速度方面发挥了重要作用，通过隔离大气中的大量二氧化碳并将其储存为木头。然而，越来越多的证据表明，这种碳汇现在正在减弱，对于国际努力在2度内保持全球变暖的努力带来了灾难性的后果C。近期在森林碳汇的强度上，人们认为，至少有一定程度地联系起来，部分原因是欧洲的频率和强度上升，包括欧洲的热干燥夏天的频率和强度，包括纪录的纪录型热门热门，包括2003年2003年，2010年，2010年，2010年和2018 - 2018 - 2019年。如果欧洲的森林将继续成为过渡到低碳未来的解决方案的一部分，我们迫切需要了解这些生态系统如何受到极端水压力时期的影响并恢复。该堡垒项目的总体目标是产生第一个完整的图片，即极端热量和干旱如何影响欧洲森林隔离和储存碳的能力：从单个树幼苗的生长和存活到整个景观的种群动态。使用操纵实验的独特组合，对树环记录的长期回顾性分析，来自泛欧无线树木传感器网络的实时生态生理数据，尖端的遥感和机器学习，该项目的目的是：（i）揭示哪些欧洲树种对气候极端及其气候以及原因以及原因及； （ii）发现气候如何限制每日，季节性，年度和多年时间尺度的树木生长和用水； （iii）开发下一代的预警信号，该信号使用一系列数据（包括卫星图像）预测树木因液压失效而导致的死亡风险。这样一来，要塞项目将从根本上改变我们管理，监测和建模欧洲森林生态系统的能力。