PHEMOR: PostHumous Exhumation and Movement of Osteological Remains - An iso-histological approach to Prehispanic Maya mortuary practices and migration

PHEMOR项目的目的是使用一种新的同组织学方法重建中美洲前西班牙（公元前250年至公元1525年）玛雅考古遗址中人类骨骼遗骸的死后运动。研究结果将改变对丧葬习俗的理解，并完善对前西班牙玛雅社区移民的重建。PHEMOR是第一个整合考古学中两种成熟方法的项目-同位素和组织学分析-以解决全球考古学中人类遗骸的死后运动。叙述的作用，死后的运动在玛雅人的丧葬行为将开发应用的iso-histological方法，以199个人的男女从小学和中学的背景下在9个prehispanic玛雅网站在伯利兹，危地马拉，洪都拉斯和墨西哥。区分非本地的人谁在生活中移动，从那些谁被移动后死亡也是至关重要的准确重建过去的迁移过程，因为社会文化因素影响每个不同的。研究结果将有助于玛雅考古学正在进行的和新兴的研究主题，包括已故祖先在身份和社区形成中的重要性，以及非当地个人在非葬礼存款中的影响，为玛雅丧葬习俗和迁移的未来研究奠定基础。这项研究进一步集中在一个未开发的考古数据集-样本已被改变后，埋藏成岩作用。PHEMOR的方法进步还提供了一个框架，用于释放未充分利用的数据集的潜力，并应用尖端的同源组织学方法来识别其他考古和法医背景下挖掘和运输的人类遗骸。因此，PHEMOR为在欧洲和世界其他地方工作的考古学家、刑事司法等相关领域的最终用户以及中美洲当地社区带来了重要的遗产利益。

The aim of the PHEMOR project is to reconstruct the posthumous movement of human osteological remains from prehispanic (250 BCE to 1525 CE) Maya archaeological sites in Central America using a novel iso-histological approach. The results will transform understandings of mortuary practices and refine reconstructions of migration in prehispanic Maya communities. PHEMOR is the first project to integrate two well established methods in archaeological science - isotopic and histological analyses - to address postmortem movement of human remains in archaeology globally. A narrative of the role of posthumous movement in Maya mortuary behaviour will be developed by applying the iso-histological method to 199 individuals of both sexes from primary and secondary contexts at nine prehispanic Maya sites in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. Differentiating nonlocal individuals that moved during life from those who were moved following death is also vital for accurate reconstructions of past migratory processes, as the sociocultural factors influencing each differed. The results will contribute to ongoing and emerging research themes in Maya archaeology, including the significance of deceased ancestors in the formation of identity and community and the implications of nonlocal individuals in non-funerary deposits, framing future studies of Maya mortuary practices and migration. This study further focuses on a untapped archaeological dataset - samples that have been altered after burial by diagenesis. PHEMOR's methodological advancements also provide a framework for unleashing the potential of underutilized datasets and for applying the cutting-edge iso-histological method to identify exhumed and transported human remains other archaeological and forensic contexts. PHEMOR therefore has important legacy benefits for archaeologists working in Europe and elsewhere in the world, end users in related fields such as criminal justice, and for local Central American communities.