CENTRAL AUDITORY MECHANISMS FOR PROCESSING SPECIES-SPECIFIC COMMUNICATION SOUNDS

处理物种特定通信声音的中央听觉机制

• 批准号: 3759390
• 负责人: J F OLSEN
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3759390
• 关键词: Saimiri; animal communication behavior; auditory cortex; auditory discrimination; auditory stimulus; brain mapping; computer simulation; dyes; medial geniculate body; neural information processing; neurons; sound frequency; species difference; speech; vocalization

This project seeks to determine the neural mechanisms for encoding species-typical communication sounds in primates. The squirrel monkey is used because of its stereotyped repertoire of calls. To test for call-selective responses, a computer is used to model call components and to manipulate these models in the frequency, amplitude and time domains. Model calls and natural calls are used as auditory stimuli to test the responses of neurons in the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) to frequency ratios and time intervals among call components. Neural sensitivity to acoustic transient. was also tested with noise bursts. In the previous annual report, the discovery of combination-sensitive neurons in the MON was reported. These neurons respond to particular combinations of components and not to individual components. The combination-sensitive neurons in the squirrel monkey resemble those described for lower vertebrates, indicating that these neurons may be of general importance in processing species-typical communication sounds. In the past year, I have measured the call-selectivity of MON neurons and the acoustic parameters to which they are sensitive: 1. When presented with a set of natural calls that share particular call components, 10% of MGN neurons tested responded selectively to one call. This selectivity was due to a sensitivity to the temporal sequence of components. 2. The response of combination-sensitive neurons depended on the time intervals between components. critical delays ranged from 5 to 80 msec. This delay sensitivity is a mechanism by which acoustically related vocalizations may be discriminated from one another. Similar critical delays are important in phoneme identification by humans. Thus, our results may provide some insight on the neural mechanisms of human speech perception 3. Most of the MGN neurons that were unselective for vocalizations responded selectively to acoustic transient. When tested with noise bursts, these neurons responded transiently at stimulus onset and were sensitive to the absolute rate of amplitude increase. Such acoustic "edge-detectors" are analogous to the contrast sensitive cells in the visual system. 4. Preliminary results suggest that the call-selective neurons are located dorsally in the MGN, whereas the neurons that are non-selective for calls are located ventrally. Physiological mapping and anatomical tracing studies are planned to determine the functional organization of the MGN.

该项目旨在确定编码的神经机制 灵长类动物中的物种典型的交流声。松鼠猴 之所以使用，是因为其刻板印象的呼叫曲目。 测试 呼叫选择性响应，计算机用于建模呼叫组件 并以频率，幅度和时间来操纵这些模型 域。 模型通话和自然呼叫用作听觉刺激 测试内侧基因核（MGN）中神经元的反应 与呼叫组件之间的频率比和时间间隔。 神经 对声学瞬变的敏感性。还通过噪声爆发进行了测试。 在上一个年度报告中，发现对组合敏感 据报道，MON中的神经元。 这些神经元对特定的反应 组件的组合，而不是单个组件。 这 松鼠猴子中对组合敏感的神经元类似 为下脊椎动物描述，表明这些神经元可能是 在处理物种典型的交流中至关重要 听起来。 在过去的一年中，我测量了Mon的呼叫选择性 神经元和它们敏感的声学参数： 1.出现一组特定的自然呼叫 调用组件，有10％的MGN神经元有选择地响应一个 称呼。 这种选择性是由于对时间的敏感性 组件序列。 2。组合敏感神经元的反应取决于时间 组件之间的间隔。 关键延迟范围从5到80不等 MSEC。 这种延迟灵敏度是一种机制 相关的发声可能会互相歧视。 相似的 关键延迟对于人类的音素识别很重要。 因此，我们的结果可能会提供一些有关神经机制的见解 人类言语感知 3。大多数对发声不可选择的MGN神经元 选择性地响应了声学瞬变。 当用噪声测试时 爆发，这些神经元在刺激发作时短暂反应，为 对振幅增加的绝对速率敏感。 这样的声学 “边缘检测器”类似于对比敏感细胞 视觉系统。 4。初步结果表明呼叫选择性神经元是 位于MGN的背侧，而神经元是非选择性的 呼叫是腹部。 生理映射和解剖学 计划进行跟踪研究以确定功能组织 mgn。