TRENDS IN DEATH RATES FROM DROWNING AMONG CHILDREN, 1971-1988

国家卫生中心公布的全国死亡率数据 美国人口普查局的统计数据和人口数据是 用于计算1971年特定年龄、种族和性别的溺水率 直到1988年。 使用Poisson回归分析时间趋势 技术. 结果显示，在这18年里， 年龄较大的儿童发病率急剧下降， 幼儿和婴儿的实际增长率（1.6%， 1岁）。 幼儿的溺水率随着时间的推移几乎没有变化， 提供有效的预防策略，如游泳池围栏。 在 老年人溺水率急剧下降，尽管缺乏 明确的预防措施。 针对性的预防干预措施 特别是在婴幼儿年龄组， 要务

National mortality data published by the National Center for Health Statistics and population data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census were used in calculating age-, race-, and sex-specific drowning rates for 1971 through 1988. Time trends were analyzed using Poisson regression techniques. Results showed that over this eighteen year period drowning rates dropped sharply in older children, declined only slightly in toddlers and actually increased in infants (+1.6% per year in those under age one). Drowning rates in toddlers have changed little over time despite the availability of effective prevention strategies such as pool fencing. In older ages drowning rates have declined dramatically despite the lack of clear preventive initiatives. Prevention interventions targeted specifically at the infant and toddler age groups should receive priority.