Unveiling the growth of structure in the Dark Universe

揭示黑暗宇宙中结构的生长

• 批准号: EP/Y03015X/1
• 负责人: Benjamin Joachimi
• 金额: $ 245.42万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FY03015X%2F1
• 关键词: Unveiling; growth; structure; Dark; Universe

The accelerated expansion of the Universe in recent cosmic times is one of the most important unexplained observations in modern physics. It has profound implications in that the cosmos could be permeated by a new, exotic matter component known as dark energy, or that one of the most successful theories of physics, Einstein's general relativity, breaks down on cosmological scales.Emerging tensions between measurements in the late and early Universe are tantalising signs of a potential paradigm change away from the current cosmological standard model. The most promising route to shedding light on this key open problem is to explore the cosmic large-scale structure with multiple probes extracted from large galaxy surveys. I will map the growth of fluctuations in the matter distribution over an unprecedentedly wide range of cosmic history at per-cent level precision, enabling decisive conclusions on cosmic tensions and broad classes of alternative cosmological models. To this end, I will exploit two of the leading galaxy surveys of the decade, which are about to start delivering data: the ESA Euclid space mission and the DESI project, the largest spectroscopic galaxy survey ever undertaken. I will employ combined measurements of the clustering of galaxies, the gravitational lensing effect ongalaxies, as well as the spatial distribution of quasars and of imprints of large-scale structure in their spectra. The joint analysis in overlapping cosmic volumes ensures a maximum of robust constraints on cosmology and on the astrophysical processes that link galaxies to the underlying dark matter distribution. The fidelity of results is advanced through dedicated calibration measurements pushed far beyond the state of the art, and by abandoning the conventional data analysis in favour of a novel forward-modelling approach via fast, highly multiplexed simulations and machine learning-assisted inference techniques.

近代宇宙时代宇宙的加速膨胀是现代物理学中最重要的无法解释的观测之一。它具有深远的意义，因为宇宙可能会被一种被称为暗能量的新的奇异物质成分所渗透，或者最成功的物理学理论之一，爱因斯坦的广义相对论，在宇宙学尺度上崩溃。晚期和早期宇宙测量之间出现的紧张关系是潜在范式改变远离当前宇宙学标准模型的诱人迹象。阐明这一关键的开放问题的最有希望的途径是利用从大型星系调查中提取的多个探测器来探索宇宙的大尺度结构。我将以百分比的精度绘制前所未有的广泛宇宙历史范围内物质分布波动的增长，从而对宇宙张力和广泛的替代宇宙学模型得出决定性的结论。为此，我将利用这十年来即将开始提供数据的两项领先的星系调查：欧空局欧几里得太空任务和 DESI 项目，这是有史以来最大的光谱星系调查。我将综合测量星系的聚集、星系的引力透镜效应、类星体的空间分布和光谱中大尺度结构的印记。重叠宇宙体积的联合分析确保了对宇宙学和将星系​​与底层暗物质分布联系起来的天体物理过程的最大程度的稳健约束。通过远远超出现有技术水平的专用校准测量，并放弃传统的数据分析，转而采用快速、高度复用的模拟和机器学习辅助推理技术的新型正向建模方法，可以提高结果的保真度。