Understanding The Political Representation of Men: A Novel Approach to Making Politics More Inclusive

MENSREP在理论和经验上都开辟了新的领域，是第一项研究男性政治代表性的研究。男性在政治中的主导地位助长了对男性代表性的自满，但男性政治家在种族和阶级等方面的多样性不如女性政治家。这很重要，因为男人有独特的性别需求，这些需求与他们的其他特征相交。例如，教育和保健成果按性别划分的方式在不同的男子群体之间各不相同。精英男性政治家的利益与其他男性的利益不同，导致政策对许多男性不利。政治中的男性文化阻碍了对敏感话题的讨论，也促使精英男子以牺牲妇女和弱势男子为代价来维护其统治地位。MENSREP认为，政治上的更多多样性-包括两性之间和两性内部的多样性-可以改善男子和妇女的代表性结果。基于我在这一领域的开创性工作，它着眼于男性是如何被代表的，由谁代表，以及产生了什么影响。它确定了代表男子提出主张的“关键行为者”，并探讨了政治家与男子运动之间的联系。它开发了一个新的理论框架，用于研究关键行为者的意识形态，他们所针对的群体及其最终目标。该框架有助于我们区分与女权主义一致或敌对的代表性，包容不同的男性或狭隘的焦点，以及寻求变革或捍卫现状。MENSREP使用了多种方法，包括对更加多样化的立法机构是否为男子带来更好的结果进行定量分析;对政治家与男子运动之间关系进行网络分析;访谈;以及对议会辩论进行内容分析。MENSREP开辟了一个全新的研究领域，为极端主义运动提供了急需的反叙事，并有可能解决重大政策问题。

MENSREP breaks new ground theoretically and empirically as the first study to examine the political representation of men. Male dominance in politics fosters complacency about men's representation, yet male politicians are less diverse than their female counterparts on measures such as race and class. This matters, because men have distinctive gendered needs that intersect with their other traits. For example, education and health outcomes are gendered in ways that vary between different groups of men. The interests of elite male politicians are not the same as those of other men, resulting in policies that disserve many men. Cultures of masculinity in politics hinder discussion of sensitive topics and also motivate elite men to preserve their dominance at the expense of women and disadvantaged men. MENSREP argues that more diversity in politics - both between the sexes and within them - can improve representational outcomes for men and women. Building on my pioneering work in this area, it looks at how men are represented, by whom, and to what effect. It identifies the "critical actors" who make claims on behalf of men, and explores linkages between politicians and men's movements. It develops a new theoretical framework for examining the ideology of critical actors, the groups they are targeting, and their end goals. The framework helps us to distinguish between representation that is aligned with or hostile to feminism, that is inclusive of diverse men or narrow in its focus, and that seeks to be transformative or to defend the status quo. MENSREP uses mixed methods, including quantitative analysis of whether more diverse legislatures produce better outcomes for men; network analysis of the relationships between politicians and men's movements; interviews; and content analysis of parliamentary debates. MENSREP opens up a whole newresearch field, offers a much-needed counter-narrative to extremist movements, and has the potential to address major policy problems.