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Migration, Marital Instability and Divorce among British Asians: Transnationalism, Changing Conjugalities and Legal Pluralism

英国亚洲人的移民、婚姻不稳定和离婚：跨国主义、婚姻关系的变化和法律多元化

基本信息

批准号：
ES/J003514/1
负责人：
Kaveri Qureshi
金额：
$ 10.19万
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FJ003514%2F1
关键词：
Migration Marital Instability Divorce among

项目摘要

South Asian populations in Britain have long been described as representing the 'old-fashioned' family with, in particular, low rates of divorce in contrast to the wider population. This conservatism in family practices has been credited to loyalty to tradition, and strong family values have been central to the self-identity of British Asian communities. However, there are signs of a trend towards increasing marital instability and divorce among British Asians. This trend has also become a topic of concern within these communities, witnessed by increasing numbers of marriage counselling and family mediation by religious organisations, for instance.There have recently been strong calls for empirical studies in this area. Data from the 2001 census suggests that rates of single parenthood and divorce among British Asian populations are on the rise. However, the statistics do not offer insights into the underlying dynamics.To provide the detailed and contextualised information required to address these issues, I propose ethnographic research with two British Asian groups: Pakistani Muslims and Punjabi Sikhs, relevant because they share some features and differ in others. A significant proportion of both marry partners from overseas. They differ in migration histories and overall socio-economic position in Britain. On the whole, Punjabi Sikhs are better off than Pakistani Muslims, with more women in paid employment and greater inter-generational social mobility. They also differ in marriage patterns. Whilst many Pakistani Muslim families have preferred marriage within the kin group, Punjabi Sikhs have traditionally married outside the extended family. However, these generalisations overlook distinctions by caste, which give rise to economic and socio-cultural contexts with different implications for marital breakdown. Social change and intergenerational negotiations in marriage practices are also overlooked, whilst there are likely to have been rapid changes in marital ambitions, conjugal expectations and willingness to remain in an unsatisfactory union. This project will explore the extent to which such differences inflect patterns and processes of marital instability, or whether factors such as class, gendered power and life stage are more significant. The impact of transnational marriage will be a central focus of comparison. Some commentators view the practice as reinforcing conservatism. Others see it as a potential cause of marital discord because of incompatibility or differing expectations of marriage among spouses raised continents apart. This project will therefore explore whether marriages involving migration are characterised by different experiences of conflict and divorce to those contracted in Britain. The gender of the migrant spouse may also be significant in the nature of problems encountered, and in the likelihood of divorce.Finally, the two religions also treat divorce differently. Islamic marriage and divorce can occur independently of civil procedures, creating complexity in marital status and the possibility of multiple partnerships being formally recognised through polygamy. Sikhism does not formally recognise divorce, although civil divorce and extended separation occur in practice in Britain. Moreover, there are additional complexities in how these distinctions are treated by British family law and by other arms of the British state including welfare, guidance and mediation services, and refuges.I will analyse these dynamics on the basis of repeated interviews with Pakistani Muslim and Punjabi Sikh couples who are going through, or have experienced divorce within the last three years. Multiple interviews over time are intended to gain a sense of how the partners' 'rhetoric of motives' evolve, and allow for a gradual building of trust, and possibilities for long-term ethnographic observation.

长期以来，英国的南亚人口一直被描述为“老式”家庭的代表，特别是与更广泛的人口相比，离婚率较低。这种保守的家庭习俗被认为是对传统的忠诚，而强烈的家庭价值观是英国亚裔社区自我认同的核心。然而，有迹象表明，越来越多的婚姻不稳定和离婚的英籍亚裔。这一趋势也成为这些社区关注的一个话题，例如，宗教组织提供的婚姻咨询和家庭调解服务越来越多，最近强烈要求在这方面进行实证研究。2001年人口普查的数据显示，英国亚裔人口的单亲和离婚率正在上升。然而，统计数据并没有提供深入了解的基本dynamics.To提供详细的和语境化的信息，需要解决这些问题，我建议民族志研究与两个英国亚洲群体：巴基斯坦穆斯林和旁遮普锡克教徒，相关的，因为他们有一些共同的特点，并在其他人不同。很大一部分人都与海外伴侣结婚。他们在英国的移民历史和整体社会经济地位不同。总的来说，旁遮普的锡克教徒比巴基斯坦的穆斯林生活得更好，有更多的妇女从事有偿工作，代际社会流动性更大。他们的婚姻模式也不同。虽然许多巴基斯坦穆斯林家庭倾向于在亲属群体内结婚，但旁遮普锡克教徒传统上在大家庭之外结婚。然而，这些概括忽略了种姓的区别，种姓的区别导致了对婚姻破裂有不同影响的经济和社会文化背景。社会变化和婚姻习俗中的代际谈判也被忽视，而婚姻抱负、对婚姻的期望和保持不满意的婚姻的意愿可能发生了迅速变化。这个项目将探讨这种差异在多大程度上影响婚姻不稳定的模式和过程，或者阶级，性别权力和生活阶段等因素是否更重要。跨国婚姻的影响将是比较的中心焦点。一些评论家认为这一做法加强了保守主义。另一些人认为这是婚姻不和谐的潜在原因，因为在不同大陆长大的配偶之间不相容或对婚姻的期望不同。因此，该项目将探讨涉及移民的婚姻是否具有与英国婚姻不同的冲突和离婚经历。移民配偶的性别也可能对所遇到问题的性质和离婚的可能性产生重要影响，最后，两种宗教对待离婚的方式也不同。伊斯兰婚姻和离婚可以独立于民事程序发生，造成婚姻状况的复杂性，并可能通过一夫多妻制正式承认多重伴侣关系。锡克教并不正式承认离婚，尽管民事离婚和长期分居在英国实际上是存在的。此外，英国家庭法和英国国家的其他部门（包括福利，指导和调解服务）如何对待这些区别还有额外的复杂性，我将根据对巴基斯坦穆斯林和旁遮普锡克教夫妇的反复采访来分析这些动态，这些夫妇正在经历离婚，或在过去三年内经历过离婚。随着时间的推移进行多次采访，旨在了解合作伙伴的“动机言论”如何演变，并允许逐步建立信任，以及进行长期民族志观察的可能性。