The structure and significance of British Caribbean slave-ownership 1763-1833

1763-1833 年英属加勒比奴隶制的结构和意义

• 批准号: ES/J017736/1
• 负责人: Catherine Hall
• 金额: $ 160.7万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FJ017736%2F1
• 关键词: structure; significance; British; Caribbean; slave

We aim to help answer the question 'What is Britain's debt to slavery?' by systematically identifying the owners of all the estates in the British Caribbean colonies at the height of the slave-system and assessing the individual and collective impact of the slave-owners on the formation of Britain at the time of the wrenching economic, social and political changes of the Industrial Revolution. Our start-point is the list of over 4,000 estates identified from the Slave Compensation records in the 1830s, when British colonial slavery was brought to an end. We will trace the ownership of each of these estates backwards as far as 1763, initially using the Slave Registers (which list all enslaved people by location and 'owner') and then drawing on an increasingly fragmented group of sources, both in Britain and the Caribbean, to build a picture of how each estate was passed down between generations and across families. This will be the first time that such a large-scale analysis of the patterns of slave-ownership has been undertaken. We have taken 1763 as our cut-off because in that year Britain greatly added to its slave-empire in Jamaica, Barbados and the Leeward Islands by taking Grenada, Dominica, St Vincent and Tobago from the French.Many of the estate-owners will have been resident in the Caribbean, that is they lived and died in the colonies. Many others, however, will have lived in Britain, having inherited the Caribbean estates and the enslaved people who worked upon them, and perhaps never visiting their slave-estates at all. Still others will have returned to Britain from the Caribbean to settle or resettle into British society.We will record details of all slave-owners but in the second part of our project we will concentrate on the last two classes - absentee slave-owners in Britain and returnee slave-owners from the Caribbean. For the individuals in these groups, we will research their lives in Britain along six different dimensions, which in combination will form a new and full picture of the significance of slave-ownership to Britain:Commercial and industrial activity will trace the investment by slave-owners into British businesses and industry, examine the entry of British metropolitan merchants into slave-ownership through the establishment of consignee and credit relationships with planters, and look in turn at these merchants' investments in commercial and industrial businesses in Britain.Cultural accumulation will identify the major collections associated with the absentee slave-owners, their most important philanthropic activities and their roles in the urban renaissance of the second half of C18 in the major centres of concentration of absentee slave-ownership in Britain.Cultural formations will examine the writings of slave-owners, not only of major texts such as those of Bryan Edwards and Edward Long but also of less well-known representations, to explore their formulations of difference and race, and their conceptions of colony, nation and Empire.Political affiliations and associational networks will identify all the MPs appearing as slave-owners or as the near-relatives of slave-owners, and re-examine the 'West India' interest of the C18. The size of this interest has been the subject of wildly varying estimates and the project offers the opportunity to provide a systematic account of its composition and importance at a national level, drawing inter alia on material from the History of Parliament Trust.Imperial activity will analyse the participation of slave-owners in the wider 'circuits of Empire' by tracing the imperial careers of individual slave-owners and their families elsewhere in Britain's Empire.Physical imprints will examine the impact of slave-ownership on the built environment, drawing on local histories to identify the country-houses, urban development and other building projects associated with absentee slave-owners.

我们的目标是帮助回答这样一个问题：英国对奴隶制的亏欠是什么？通过系统地确定奴隶制鼎盛时期英属加勒比殖民地所有庄园的所有者，并评估在工业革命痛苦的经济、社会和政治变革时期奴隶主对英国形成的个人和集体影响。我们的起点是19世纪30年代英国殖民奴隶制结束时奴隶补偿记录中确定的4000多个庄园。我们将追溯这些遗产的所有权，追溯到1763年，最初使用奴隶登记册(按地点和所有者列出所有被奴役的人)，然后利用英国和加勒比海地区日益分散的来源，建立一幅每个遗产是如何在世代和家庭之间传承的图景。这将是第一次对奴隶制模式进行如此大规模的分析。我们把1763年作为我们的分界线，因为在那一年，英国从法国手中夺取了格林纳达、多米尼克、圣文森特和多巴哥，大大增加了它在牙买加、巴巴多斯和背风群岛的奴隶帝国。许多地产所有者将居住在加勒比海，也就是说，他们生活和死亡在殖民地。然而，其他许多人将生活在英国，继承了加勒比海的庄园和为之工作的被奴役的人，也许根本就没有去过他们的奴隶庄园。还有一些人将从加勒比海地区返回英国定居或重新融入英国社会。我们将记录所有奴隶主的详细信息，但在我们项目的第二部分，我们将集中讨论最后两个阶层--英国的缺席奴隶主和加勒比海地区的回归奴隶主。对于这些群体中的个人，我们将从六个不同的维度研究他们在英国的生活，这六个维度结合在一起将形成奴隶制对英国意义的新的和全面的图景：商业和工业活动将追踪奴隶主对英国商业和工业的投资，考察英国大都市商人通过与种植者建立收货人和信用关系进入奴隶制，并依次观察这些商人对英国商业和工业的投资。文化积累将确定与缺席的奴隶主有关的主要收藏，他们最重要的慈善活动及其在C18下半年城市复兴中的作用，在英国主要的缺席奴隶制集中中心。文化编队将研究奴隶主的著作，不仅包括布莱恩·爱德华兹和爱德华·朗的主要文本，还包括不太知名的代表作品，以探索他们对差异和种族的表述，以及他们对殖民地、国家和帝国的概念。政治联系和协会网络将识别所有以奴隶主或奴隶主近亲的身份出现的议员，并重新审视C18的“西印度”利益。这种兴趣的大小一直是差异很大的估计的主题，该项目提供了一个机会，提供一个在国家层面上系统地描述它的组成和重要性的机会，特别是利用议会信托历史的材料。帝国活动将通过追踪个别奴隶主及其家庭在不列颠帝国其他地方的帝国生涯来分析奴隶主参与更广泛的帝国循环。物理印记将研究奴隶制对建筑环境的影响，利用当地历史来识别与缺席的奴隶主相关的乡村房屋、城市发展和其他建筑项目。

项目成果

Het slavernijverleden op de kaart/Mapping Slavery: new maps and research in progress

Het salavernijverleden op de kaart/绘制奴隶制地图：新地图和正在进行的研究

• 作者: Catherine Hall (Speaker)

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

牛津国家传记词典

• 发表时间: 2008
• 作者: Bale, A. P.

'History as reparative justice: local roots / global routes - the legacies of slavery in Hackney', Kate Donington and Kristy Warren, Edinburgh conference, 11/2015

“作为补偿性正义的历史：当地根源/全球路线 - 哈克尼奴隶制的遗产”，凯特·多宁顿和克里斯蒂·沃伦，爱丁堡会议，11/2015

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Donington, K

Identifying slave-ownership in European cities: tracing the presence and legacy of transatlantic slavery ?at home? in Europe

确定欧洲城市的奴隶制：追踪跨大西洋奴隶制在国内的存在和遗留问题

• 作者: Catherine Hall (Speaker)

Legacies of colonial slavery: the British case

殖民奴隶制的遗产：英国的案例

• 作者: Catherine Hall (Author)