Google: The Role of Internet Search in Elections in Established and Challenged Democracies

谷歌：互联网搜索在成熟和受到挑战的民主国家选举中的作用

• 批准号: ES/K007890/1
• 负责人: Andrew Hoskins
• 金额: $ 11.88万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FK007890%2F1
• 关键词: Google; Role; Internet; Search; Elections

How do search engines contribute to voter knowledge in elections? Social scientists have long noted that informed citizens are critical to sustaining democracy, while authoritarian regimes are marked by their control of information flow. While the internet in general, and search engines in particular, provide new and unprecedented ways for citizens to access information, there has been little specific research into how voters employ search engines as they carry out the democratic task of gathering information in election campaigns. This is a particularly important question, as search engine results themselves will come to reflect and prioritize citizen preferences. Do citizens in established democracies search in ways that differ from those in newer democracies? What sorts of search terms - candidates, parties, ideas, values, religions or other themes - do they favour? Do search patterns tend to direct citizens into information 'cocoons' or 'trajectories' with a narrow range of traditional information sources such as party websites and dominant media outlets or does search engine behaviour tend to continually expose individuals to a broad range of political messages? Through a transnational study of search engine behaviour, primarily gathered via Google Trends, this project will use the power of search choices and popularity to examine how and when people are choosing to gather information in elections ranging from relatively routine in the United States to the potentially destabilising in Iran. Through comparing how citizens in established democracies (the United Kingdom and the United States), challenged democracies (Italy) and transitional states (Egypt, Russia and Iran) use search engines in election campaigns, this project will reveal how search engines function in the dissemination of information during critical political events. We will combine methods and approaches across political communication research, with a focus on sociology, political science and media studies.

搜索引擎如何在选举中为选民提供知识？社会科学家早就指出，知情的公民是维持民主的关键，而专制政权的特点是控制信息流。虽然互联网，特别是搜索引擎，为公民提供了新的和前所未有的方式来获取信息，但很少有具体的研究选民如何使用搜索引擎，因为他们在选举活动中执行收集信息的民主任务。这是一个特别重要的问题，因为搜索引擎结果本身将反映和优先考虑公民的偏好。成熟民主国家的公民搜索方式是否与新兴民主国家的公民不同？他们喜欢什么样的搜索词--候选人、政党、思想、价值观、宗教或其他主题？搜索模式是否倾向于引导公民进入信息“茧”或“轨迹”，传统信息来源范围狭窄，如党的网站和主流媒体，还是搜索引擎行为倾向于不断使个人接触广泛的政治信息？通过对搜索引擎行为的跨国研究，主要通过谷歌趋势收集，该项目将利用搜索选择和受欢迎程度的力量来研究人们如何以及何时选择在选举中收集信息，从美国的相对常规到伊朗的潜在不稳定。通过比较公民在建立民主国家（英国和美国），挑战民主国家（意大利）和过渡国家（埃及，俄罗斯和伊朗）在选举活动中使用搜索引擎，该项目将揭示搜索引擎如何在关键的政治事件中传播信息。我们将结合联合收割机的方法和途径，在政治传播研究，重点是社会学，政治学和媒体研究。

项目成果

Journalism and the Rewired Audience

新闻业与重新连接的受众

• 作者: Sarah Oates (Author)

Misunderstanding Political Participation: Digital Practices, New Forms of Participation and the Renewal of Democracy,

对政治参与的误解：数字实践、新的参与形式和民主的更新，

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Trevisan, F.

Search engines: From social science objects to academic inquiry tools

搜索引擎：从社会科学对象到学术查询工具

• DOI: 10.5210/fm.v19i11.5237
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: First Monday
• 作者: Trevisan F

Google: The Role of Internet Search in Elections in Established and Challenged Democracies

谷歌：互联网搜索在成熟和受到挑战的民主国家选举中的作用

• 作者: Dounia Mahlouly (Author)

The Google voter : search engines and elections in the new media ecology

谷歌选民：新媒体生态中的搜索引擎与选举

• DOI: 10.57912/23892102
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Trevisan F