Technologies of memory and archival regimes: War diaries before and after the connective turn

记忆和档案制度技术：连接转向之前和之后的战争日记

• 批准号: AH/L004232/1
• 负责人: Andrew Hoskins
• 金额: $ 21.04万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FL004232%2F1
• 关键词: Technologies; memory; archival; regimes; War

This fellowship will pioneer interdisciplinary understanding of the impact of digital change on the cultural memory practices and the 'official' record of the British Army's unit operational reports ('war diaries') through comparative research over two archival sites: the Ministry of Defence, Whitehall and The National Archives (TNA). Military units document and record their activities in theatre (active combat) by keeping war diaries. War diaries are official records that (i) capture information to be used at a later time by the military to improve training and tactics, and (ii) establish a comprehensive record of a unit's activities to enable future historical research. The CMU's key work includes: improving operational record keeping (i.e. collecting, organising, and archiving active war diaries); developing and maintaining briefing documents to support current operations; working with treasury solicitors and others in compensation claims, and providing documents for public inquiries. TNA is the UK government's official archive. It contains over 1,000 years of history. Staff at the National Archives give detailed guidance to government departments and the public sector on information management and advise others about the care of historical archives. This work pioneers a a cultural memory studies' approach which sees memory as cultural and social practices which orient persons to possible versions of the past in such a way as to make them relevant to ongoing personal, institutional and political concerns. This approach will be applied to the first ever ethnography of the British Army's Corporate Memory Unit (CMU) in the MOD, Whitehall, London after securing unprecedented access. This crucially enables the project to uniquely interrogate the connections and disconnections across and between the often publicly accessible features of the new war ecology (public archives, TNA) and the relatively hidden military organizational knowledge production and management (MOD).This fellowship will examine how the advent of highly mobile digital images and recordings from the frontline presents an unprecedented challenge to the organizational memory of the Army constructed in the context of over a century of maintaining unit war diaries, and what this transformation could mean for changes in the forms of knowledge about war, for the military, archivists, historians and publics.The impetus for this fellowship is the 21st century Western-led wars in Iraq and Afghanistan being embedded in the 'connective turn' (Hoskins 2010, 2011). This is the massively increased scale, volume and complexity of digital/digitized information that shape a new knowledge base - an 'information infrastructure ' (Bowker and Star 2000) through which wars are planned, fought, historicised, and (de)legitimised. In this period, Government electronic record keeping systems have eclipsed previous paper-based systems, which 'has been accompanied both by a marked deterioration in record keeping practices and the use of record keeping to enable an audit culture' (Moss 2012: 860). Specifically, the recent Iraq and Afghanistan wars mark the evolution of the MOD organizational memory system from paper to digital. Although the organization was using computers in 2001, it was still operating a paper system, i.e. printing out work and placing in paper files. This compares with the 300 million digital files from operations in Iraq it has to manage today.

该奖学金将通过对国防部、白厅和国家档案馆(TNA)这两个档案馆的比较研究，开创跨学科理解数字变革对文化记忆实践和英国陆军部队作战报告(战争日记)的“官方”记录的影响。军事单位通过写战争日记来记录和记录他们在战区(积极作战)的活动。战争日记是官方记录，它(I)捕捉信息，供军队日后用于改进训练和战术，(Ii)建立部队活动的全面记录，以便进行未来的历史研究。债务工具中央结算系统的主要工作包括：改善业务记录保存(即收集、组织和存档现役战争日记)；开发和维护简报文件，以支持当前的业务；与库务署律师和其他人合作处理赔偿要求，以及提供文件供公众查询。TNA是英国政府的官方档案馆。它包含了1000多年的历史。国家档案馆的工作人员在信息管理方面向政府部门和公共部门提供详细指导，并就历史档案的保管向其他人提供建议。这项工作开创了一种文化记忆研究的方法，将记忆视为文化和社会实践，将人们引导到过去的可能版本，使它们与正在进行的个人、机构和政治关切相关。在获得史无前例的访问权限后，这种方法将被应用于伦敦白厅国防部的英国陆军企业记忆单元(CMU)的第一次人种学研究。这使得该项目能够以独特的方式询问新的战争生态(公共档案，TNA)经常公开访问的特征与相对隐蔽的军事组织知识生产和管理(MOD)之间的联系和脱节。这项研究将审查来自前线的高度流动的数字图像和记录的出现如何对军队的组织记忆构成前所未有的挑战，这些记忆是在一个多世纪保持单位战争日记的背景下构建的，以及这种转变对战争知识形式的变化、对军队、档案保管员、历史学家和公众。这种友谊的推动力是21世纪西方领导的伊拉克和阿富汗战争正在嵌入“联系的转折”(Hoskins 2010,2011)。这就是数字/数字化信息的规模、数量和复杂性的大幅增加，形成了一个新的知识库--一个“信息基础设施”(Bowker和Star 2000)，通过它，战争被计划、打仗、历史化和(去)合法化。在此期间，政府电子记录保存系统使以前的纸质系统黯然失色，后者“伴随着记录保存实践的显著恶化和使用记录保存以实现审计文化”(MOSS 2012：860)。具体地说，最近的伊拉克和阿富汗战争标志着国防部组织记忆系统从纸质到数字的演变。尽管本组织在2001年使用计算机，但它仍在运行纸质系统，即打印工作和放入纸质档案。相比之下，该公司目前必须管理来自伊拉克业务的3亿份数字文件。

项目成果

Journalism and Memory

新闻与记忆

• DOI: 10.1057/9781137263940_12
• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Hoskins A

Risk media and the end of anonymity

风险媒体和匿名的终结

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jisa.2017.01.005
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Journal of Information Security and Applications
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Hoskins A

Media, War and Memory After the Connective Turn (Chinese translation)

连接转向后的媒体、战争与记忆（中译）

• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Tansuo yu Zhengming (Exploration and Free Views)
• 作者: Hoskins, A

Flawed, yet Authoritative? Organisational memory and the future of official military history after Chilcot

有缺陷，但权威？

• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: British Journal for Military History
• 作者: Hoskins A

Media and Nostalgia

媒体与怀旧

• DOI: 10.1057/9781137375889_9
• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Hoskins A