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Alpha territoriality in Hong Kong and London: The socio-economic implications of transnational real estate investment by the super-rich

香港和伦敦的阿尔法领地：超级富豪跨国房地产投资的社会经济影响

基本信息

批准号：
ES/K010263/2
负责人：
Rowland Graham Atkinson
金额：
$ 6.46万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FK010263%2F2
关键词：
Alpha territoriality Hong Kong London

项目摘要

Social research has tended not to focus on the super-rich, largely because they are hard to locate, and even harder to collaborate with in research. In this project we seek to address these concerns by focusing extensive research effort on the question of where and how the super-rich live and invest in the property markets of the cities of Hong Kong and London. We see these cities as exemplary in assisting in the construction of further insights and knowledge in how the super-rich seek residential investment opportunities, how they live there when they are 'at home' in such residences and how these patterns of investment shape the social, political and economic life of these cities more broadly. Given that the super-rich make such decisions on the basis of tax incentives and the attraction of major cultural infrastructure (such as galleries and theatre) we have proposed a program of research capable of offering an inside account of the practices that go to make-up these investment patterns including processes of searching for suitable property, its financing, the kinds of property deemed to be suitable and an analysis of how estate agents and city authorities seek to capitalise and retain the potentially highly mobile investment by the super-rich.In economic terms the life and functioning of rich neighbourhood spaces appears intuitively important. For example, attractive and safe spaces for captains of industry, senior figures in political and non-government organizations are often regarded as major markers of urban vitality and the foundation of social networks that may make-up the broader glue of civic and political society. Yet we know very little about how such neighbourhoods operate, who they attract and how they are linked to other cities and their neighbourhoods globally. Our aim in this research is to grapple with what might be described as the 'problem' of these super-rich neighbourhoods - sometime called the 'alpha territory' - and undertake research that will help us to understand more about the advantages and disadvantages of these kinds of property investment.The life and impact of the residential choices of the 'super rich' has been a major strand in research by the research team. This work advanced the proposition that the upper-tier of income groups living in cities tend to exploit particular forms of service provision (such as education, cultural life and personal services), are largely distanced from the mundane flow of social life in urban areas and tend to be withdrawn from the civic life of cities more generally. Some of this work is underpinned by the literature on, for example, gated communities, but it has surprisingly been under-used as the guiding framework for close empirical work in affluent neighbourhoods, perhaps largely as a result of the perceived difficulty of working with such individuals. This project will allow us to generate insights into how super-rich neighbourhoods operate, how people come to live there and the social and economic tensions and trade-offs that exist as such processes are allowed to run. As many people question the role and value of wealth and identify inequality as a growing social problem this research will feed into public conversations and policymaker concerns about how socially vital cities can be maintained when capital investment may undermine such objectives on one level (the creation of neighbourhoods that are both exclusive and often 'abandoned' for large parts of the year), while potentially fulfilling broader ambitions at others (over tax receipts for example).

社会研究往往不关注超级富豪，主要是因为他们很难找到，更难在研究中合作。在这个项目中，我们试图解决这些问题，集中广泛的研究工作的问题，在哪里和如何超级富豪生活和投资于香港和伦敦的城市房地产市场。我们将这些城市视为典范，帮助构建进一步的见解和知识，了解超级富豪如何寻求住宅投资机会，他们如何在这种住宅中“在家”生活，以及这些投资模式如何更广泛地塑造这些城市的社会，政治和经济生活。鉴于超级富豪是基于税收优惠和重大文化基础设施的吸引力做出此类决定的（如画廊和剧院）我们提出了一个研究计划，能够提供一个内部帐户的做法，去弥补这些投资模式，包括寻找合适的财产，其融资，本书还分析了房地产经纪人和市政当局如何利用和留住超级富豪潜在的高度移动的投资。从经济学的角度来看，富人社区空间的生活和功能在直觉上显得很重要。例如，对工业领袖、政治和非政府组织的高级人物来说，有吸引力和安全的空间往往被视为城市活力的主要标志，也是社交网络的基础，而社交网络可能构成公民社会和政治社会的更广泛的粘合剂。然而，我们对这些社区如何运作、吸引谁以及它们如何与全球其他城市及其社区联系知之甚少。我们在这项研究中的目的是解决这些超级富豪社区的“问题”--有时被称为“阿尔法领地”--并开展研究，帮助我们更多地了解这类房地产投资的利弊。“超级富豪”的生活和住宅选择的影响一直是研究团队研究的主要内容。这项工作提出了这样一个命题，即生活在城市的上层收入群体往往利用特定形式的服务提供（如教育、文化生活和个人服务），在很大程度上远离城市地区社会生活的世俗流动，并往往更普遍地退出城市的公民生活。其中一些工作得到了文献的支持，例如，封闭式社区，但令人惊讶的是，它没有被用作富裕社区密切经验工作的指导框架，这可能主要是因为与这些人合作的困难。这个项目将使我们能够深入了解超级富裕社区如何运作，人们如何生活在那里，以及在允许这些过程运行时存在的社会和经济紧张局势和权衡。随着许多人质疑财富的作用和价值，并将不平等视为一个日益严重的社会问题，这项研究将有助于公众对话和政策制定者关注，当资本投资可能在某种程度上破坏这些目标时，如何维护具有社会重要性的城市（创造了一年中大部分时间既排外又经常“被遗弃”的街区），同时可能在其他方面实现更广泛的抱负（例如税收收入）。