Investigating the barriers and facilitators of the implementation of NICE's public health guidance and quality standards in

除了临床指南和新药评估外，NICE还提供公共卫生指南。这是为了应对各种公共卫生问题而设计的。例如，NICE制定了关于烟草控制、酗酒、预防肥胖和促进体育活动的指导意见。该指导意见基于对国际证据的严格审查和对干预措施成本效益的评估。直到2013年，英国的公共卫生系统一直由NHS领导。这一责任于2013年4月移交给地方当局。同时，NICE还负责制定社会护理和公共卫生方面的质量标准。指导意见和质量标准的主要受众是地方当局。到目前为止，地方当局既没有必要的联系，也没有义务遵守良好的指导。随着公共卫生系统的变化，NICE能够调整其投资组合是很重要的。作为一个以科学证据为主要货币的组织，建议对NICE向地方当局的知识转移过程进行系统、科学的研究。这项研究由NICE发起，旨在获取对系统变化的科学理解，满足系统需求需要什么，以及如何最好地参与其中。这项研究将调查NICE制定的公共卫生和社会关怀指南和质量标准将如何在地方政府内部接受和实施，以及将制定哪些系统来使用它。它将研究NICE与地方政府之间以及地方政府组织内部信息流动和实施的障碍和促进者。它还将与相关的专业协会协商，努力确定哪些领域已经建立了有效的程序并取得了良好的成果。最后，它旨在制定一种可行的方法，监测NICE的指导方针和质量标准在地方当局的执行情况。这项工作将由NICE、伦敦大学学院和地方政府协会之间的伙伴关系和一个指导小组领导，该指导小组的设立是为了确保“采煤工作面”的那些人的投入，例如地方当局的行政长官、公共卫生总监。这项研究将分三个阶段进行：1.对地方当局的官员和民选议员进行调查，以获得关于公共卫生的现有知识、新系统、NICE和以证据为基础的公共卫生方法的详细描述。2.在英格兰五个不同的议会进行五个案例研究，以检查NICE指南和标准的使用/不使用情况。将进行案例研究，以描述当地系统和基础设施、规划、战略工作和机构间活动的过程、伙伴关系、地方当局内部活动和NHS地方当局间活动，包括临床调试小组和与英格兰公共卫生组织的合作。将通过审查正式的当地文件和网上资源，包括联合战略需求评估，以及对项目负责人、其他议员和主要工作人员，特别是公共卫生、休闲和康乐、规划、交通、住房、儿童和成人服务主任以及卫生和福利委员会成员的一系列访谈，获得这些说明。如有可能，将观察卫生和福利委员会的运作情况。3.地方政府组织召开一次会议，与更广泛的地方当局利益攸关方分享调查的初步结果和案例研究，以进一步阐述证据并检验其结果。该项目旨在促进NICE和地方政府之间的了解和更密切的合作，并在英格兰发展新的公共卫生结构和职能时产生对两个组织都有价值的信息。

As well as its clinical guidelines and appraisals of new medicines, NICE produces public health guidance. This is designed to deal with various public health problems. For example NICE has produced guidance on tobacco control, alcohol abuse, preventing obesity and promoting physical activity. The guidance is based on a rigorous examination of international evidence and an assessment of the cost effectiveness of the interventions. Until 2013 the public health system in England was led by the NHS. This responsibility transferred to local authorities in April 2013. At the same time NICE acquires responsibility for producing quality standards in social care and public health. The principal audience for the guidance and the quality standards are local authorities. Until now local authorities have had no necessary link nor obligation to comply with NICE guidance. As the public health system changes, it is important that NICE is able to adapt its portfolio. As an organisation whose main currency is scientific evidence, it is proposed to study the process of knowledge transfer from NICE to local authorities in a systematic and scientific way. This research, instigated by NICE, is designed to capture a scientific understanding of the system changes, what will be required to meet the needs of the system and how best to engage with it. The study will investigate how the public health and social care guidance and quality standards produced by NICE will be received and implemented within local government and what systems will be developed to use it. It will study the barriers to and facilitators of information flow and implementation between NICE and local government, and within local government organisations. In consultation with relevant professional associations, it will also seek to identify areas in which effective processes have been set up and good outcomes achieved. Finally, it aims to develop a feasible method for monitoring the implementation of NICE's guidance and quality standards in local authorities. The work will be led by a partnership between NICE, University College London and the Local Government Association and a steering group set up to ensure the input of those at the "coal face" e.g. Chief Executives of Local Authorities, Directors of Public Health. The research will be carried out in three phases:1.A survey of officers and elected members in local authorities to obtain a detailed description of the current knowledge of public health, the new system, NICE and the evidence based approach to public health.2.Five case studies in five different councils in England to examine the usage / non usage of NICE guidance and standards. The case studies will be undertaken to provide descriptions of local systems and infrastructures, the processes for planning, strategic working, and interagency activity, partnerships, and intra local authority activity and inter NHS-local authority activity, including the Clinical Commissioning Groups and work with Public Health England. The descriptions will be obtained by reviewing formal local documentation and web-based resources, including the Joint Strategic Needs Assessments, and by a series of interviews with portfolio holders, other councillors and key members of staff, especially, Directors of Public Health, Leisure and Recreation, Planning, Transport, Housing, Children's and Adult Services and members of the Health and Wellbeing Boards. If possible, the operation of Health and Well Being Boards will be observed.3.A conference convened by LGA to share the initial findings from the survey and the case studies with a broader group of local authority stakeholders to further elaborate the evidence and test its findings. The project will aim to further understanding and closer collaboration between NICE and local government as well as producing information of value to both organisations as the new public health structures and functions are developed in England.