Bridging the Gap: Examining Disability and Development in Four African Countries

弥合差距：审视四个非洲国家的残疾与发展

• 批准号: ES/L008785/1
• 负责人: Nora Groce
• 金额: $ 224.21万
• 依托单位: Leonard Cheshire
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FL008785%2F1
• 关键词: Bridging; Gap; Examining; Disability; Development

Disabled people are among the poorest and most socially excluded groups in every society (World Bank, 2011). They are disproportionately represented in lower income countries and it has long been argued that poverty and disability are both a cause and a consequence of each other (DFID 2000; Yeo and Moore 2003). Despite some attempts to include disabled people in global development and poverty alleviation strategies, overall these have not been done in a systematic or sustainable way This research builds upon previous work undertaken by the Centre, including in the DFID-funded Cross-Cutting Disability Research Programme, which identified a series of common systemic barriers that disabled people encounter when accessing services, ranging from attitudinal, financial and non-financial resources, and lack information and inclusion in national level poverty reduction strategies. This research will build upon this work to inform understanding of the correlation that between these barriers, disability, and multidimensional povertyIt must be recognised that in settings where everyone is poor, where few people access wage labour, where school attendance is paltry, healthcare access is limited and social protection is almost non-existent then disabled people are not necessarily very different from their neighbours. Yet, as countries develop, there is emerging evidence of a 'development gap' (Groce and Kett, 2013; Groce et al., 2011; Lang and Murangira, 2009), whereby disabled people fall behind. Building on the World Report on Disability (2011), this study will contribute to understanding how this development gap occurs, and what can be done to bridge the gap - a key and original theme of this studyThe research will focus on 4 low-income Sub-Saharan African countries: Kenya, Sierra Leone, Uganda and Zambia. All have shown some development over the past decades, but there is still variation within their rankings in the Human Development Index (HDI) to enable cross-country comparisons to be made and provide an in-depth, nuanced understanding of how disabled people are more at risk of being excluded as social and economic development increases. The research will undertake comprehensive policy analysis that explores the apparent gaps between policy formulation and implementation, which may be a result of contradictions or overlap. It will examine the extent to which policies are actually addressing unmet needs and rights of disabled people and the level of financial and human resources required to ensure they are addressed. It will identify ways to overcome challenges and promote improved monitoring and evaluation strategies. This implies the need to maximise the quality of data governments obtain from census and national surveys. Consequently, in addition to policy and programme analysis, secondary analysis of existing data in the 4 countries will be conducted to highlight the lack of disability-specific information as it relates to multidimensional poverty and barriers to inclusion. To address this expected gap, a household level survey will be piloted to test the "disability and development gap" hypothesis, taking into account age, sex, location and impairment status, comparing disabled and non-disabled people. This will be supplemented by qualitative research with communities and individuals to provide in-depth contextThe research will explore the nexus between disability, lack of inclusion, barriers and multidimensional poverty; provide guidance as to how the data gaps can be filled; and identify ways of overcoming barriers. The results will be of primary benefit to disabled people and their families as the direct targets of policies and practices that can be improved as a result of the research, and indirectly through the expected impact of the research on governments, policymakers, national statistics offices, researchers, disabled people's organisations, and other stakeholders working to alleviate poverty in Africa

残疾人是每个社会中最贫穷和最受社会排斥的群体之一（世界银行，2011）。他们在低收入国家中所占比例过高，长期以来人们一直认为贫困和残疾互为因果（DFID 2000；Yeo and Moore 2003）。尽管做出了一些尝试，将残疾人纳入全球发展和扶贫战略，但总体而言，这些工作并未以系统或可持续的方式进行。这项研究建立在该中心之前开展的工作的基础上，包括英国国际发展部资助的跨领域残疾研究计划，该计划确定了残疾人在获得服务时遇到的一系列常见系统性障碍，包括态度、财务和非财务资源，以及缺乏国家层面的信息和包容性 减贫战略。这项研究将以这项工作为基础，帮助人们了解这些障碍、残疾和多维贫困之间的相互关系。必须认识到，在每个人都很贫穷、很少有人获得工资劳动、入学率微不足道、医疗保健机会有限、社会保护几乎不存在的环境中，残疾人并不一定与他们的邻居有很大不同。然而，随着国家的发展，出现了“发展差距”的迹象（Groce 和 Kett，2013 年；Groce 等人，2011 年；Lang 和 Murangira，2009 年），即残疾人落后了。这项研究以《世界残疾报告》（2011 年）为基础，将有助于了解这种发展差距是如何产生的，以及可以采取哪些措施来弥合这一差距——这是本研究的一个关键和原创主题。该研究将重点关注 4 个低收入撒哈拉以南非洲国家：肯尼亚、塞拉利昂、乌干达和赞比亚。所有这些国家在过去几十年中都取得了一定的发展，但它们在人类发展指数（HDI）中的排名仍然存在差异，以便能够进行跨国比较，并提供深入、细致的了解随着社会和经济发展的加快，残疾人如何更容易被排除在外。该研究将进行全面的政策分析，探讨政策制定和实施之间可能由于矛盾或重叠而出现的明显差距。它将审查政策在多大程度上实际解决了残疾人未满足的需求和权利，以及确保这些需求和权利得到满足所需的财政和人力资源水平。它将确定克服挑战并促进改进监测和评估战略的方法。这意味着政府需要最大限度地提高从人口普查和国家调查中获得的数据的质量。因此，除了政策和计划分析之外，还将对这 4 个国家的现有数据进行二次分析，以强调缺乏与多维贫困和包容性障碍相关的特定残疾信息。为了解决这一预期差距，将试行家庭层面的调查，以检验“残疾与发展差距”假设，考虑年龄、性别、地点和残疾状况，对残疾人和非残疾人进行比较。这将辅以社区和个人的定性研究，以提供深入的背景。研究将探讨残疾、缺乏包容性、障碍和多维贫困之间的关系；就如何填补数据空白提供指导；并确定克服障碍的方法。研究结果将主要惠及残疾人及其家庭，作为政策和实践的直接目标，这些政策和做法可以通过研究得到改进，并通过研究对政府、政策制定者、国家统计局、研究人员、残疾人组织和其他致力于非洲减贫工作的利益相关者产生的预期影响而间接受益

项目成果

Policy development: An analysis of disability inclusion in a selection of African Union policies

• DOI: 10.1111/dpr.12323
• 发表时间: 2019-03-01
• 期刊: DEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Lang, Raymond;Schneider, Marguerite;Groce, Nora
• 通讯作者: Groce, Nora

Bridging the Gap : Findings related to Education

弥合差距：与教育相关的调查结果

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Groce N

The impact of an inclusive education intervention on teacher preparedness to educate children with disabilities within the Lakes Region of Kenya

• DOI: 10.1080/13603116.2018.1430181
• 发表时间: 2019-03-04
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Carew, Mark T.;Deluca, Marcella;Kett, Maria
• 通讯作者: Kett, Maria

Characterizing disability in Kenya: A further analysis of census data

肯尼亚残疾特征：人口普查数据的进一步分析

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Plos One
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Sam W. Wafula

Exploring Partnerships between Academia and Disabled Persons' Organisations: Lessons Learned from Collaborative Research in Africa

探索学术界与残疾人组织之间的伙伴关系：从非洲合作研究中汲取的经验教训

• DOI: 10.19088/1968-2019.106
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: IDS Bulletin
• 作者: Kett M