Children's Growth during a Long-run Health Transition: Britain in International Perspective, 1850-1995

长期健康转型期间儿童的成长：国际视角下的英国，1850-1995 年

• 批准号: ES/L010267/2
• 负责人: Eric Schneider
• 金额: $ 19.81万
• 依托单位: London School of Economics and Political Science
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FL010267%2F2
• 关键词: Children; Growth; during; Long; run

This project will explore how improvements in nutrition, sanitation, and medical knowledge during Britain's long-run health transition from 1850 onwards influenced children's growth pattern in terms of height, weight and BMI. Studying children's growth pattern (velocity of growth and shape of the growth curve) rather than their height at a specific age is a significant methodological innovation. Adaptive theories of human development and growth stress how exposure to poor nutrition or disease, especially in utero, does not merely affect the child's current height but also the timing of the pubertal growth spurt, their velocity of growth and the length of the growing period: in other words, their growth pattern. This project will extend existing knowledge of children's growth in Britain in three ways: first, by reconstructing boys' longitudinal growth measurements from training ship records spanning the century and a half from 1865 onwards; second, by producing and analysing new growth profiles from historical sources; and third, by placing the change in Britain's growth pattern in international context using growth profiles (the average height and weight of children across a number of ages) collected from 1850 to the present from around the world.Four new datasets will be produced and deposited in the UK Data Archive as a part of the project: three individual-level datasets with the heights and weights of children and a dataset with growth profiles for a wide range of countries around the world from 1850 to the present.The data produced will supply a longer-run perspective on the immediate and intergenerational factors influencing children's growth patterns in Britain and internationally and indicate how the shift from an unhealthy to healthy growth pattern took place. The data will also assemble new evidence on historical BMI growth curves and child obesity rates, providing historical context for the current child obesity crisis. The project's findings are particularly relevant to the current discussion about a post-2015 development framework to replace the Millennium Development Goals and to understanding the childhood obesity crisis and will inform health interventions and development policy goals for improving the health of children in both the developing and developed worlds. I am uniquely suited to carry out this research because I have conducted extensive research on historical children's growth and understand the potential problems that surround these data (Schneider, 2013a, 2013b). I have also developed substantial knowledge on the biology of human growth, allowing me to bring a necessary interdisciplinary approach to the project.

该项目将探讨从1850年起英国长期健康转型期间营养、卫生和医学知识的改善如何影响儿童在身高、体重和BMI方面的生长模式。研究儿童的生长模式（生长速度和生长曲线的形状），而不是他们在特定年龄的身高是一个重要的方法创新。人类发育和生长的适应性理论强调，营养不良或疾病，特别是在子宫内，不仅会影响儿童目前的身高，还会影响青春期生长突增的时间，他们的生长速度和生长期的长度：换句话说，他们的生长模式。该项目将从三个方面扩展英国儿童成长的现有知识：第一，从1865年以来跨越世纪的训练船记录中重建男孩的纵向成长测量;第二，从历史资料中制作和分析新的成长概况;第三，通过使用增长概况将英国增长模式的变化置于国际背景下从1850年到现在，从世界各地收集了许多年龄段儿童的平均身高和体重。作为该项目的一部分，四个新的数据集将被制作并存放在英国数据档案馆：三个个人层面的数据集，包括儿童的身高和体重，以及一个数据集，包括1850年至今世界各地许多国家的生长概况。所产生的数据将提供更长的-在英国和国际上，对影响儿童成长模式的直接和代际因素进行透视，并指出从不健康的健康的增长模式。这些数据还将收集有关历史BMI增长曲线和儿童肥胖率的新证据，为当前的儿童肥胖危机提供历史背景。该项目的研究结果与目前关于2015年后发展框架取代千年发展目标的讨论和了解儿童肥胖危机特别相关，并将为改善发展中国家和发达国家儿童健康的卫生干预措施和发展政策目标提供信息。我非常适合进行这项研究，因为我对历史上儿童的成长进行了广泛的研究，并了解围绕这些数据的潜在问题（施耐德，2013 a，2013 b）。我还开发了大量的人类生长生物学知识，使我能够为项目带来必要的跨学科方法。

项目成果

Fetal health stagnation: Have health conditions in utero improved in the United States and Western and Northern Europe over the past 150 years?

胎儿健康停滞：过去 150 年来，美国、西欧和北欧的子宫内健康状况是否有所改善？

• DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.02.018
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Social science & medicine (1982)
• 作者: Schneider EB

Stunting: Past, Present, Future

发育迟缓：过去、现在、未来

• DOI: 10.21953/lse.9teyst78nhxh
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Schneider EB

Getting Under the Skin: Children's Health Disparities as Embodiment of Social Class.

• DOI: 10.1007/s11113-017-9431-7
• 发表时间: 2017-10
• 期刊: Population research and policy review
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Kramer MR;Schneider EB;Kane JB;Margerison-Zilko C;Jones-Smith J;King K;Davis-Kean P;Grzywacz JG
• 通讯作者: Grzywacz JG

The growth pattern of British children, 1850-1975†

• DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13002
• 发表时间: 2020-07-27
• 期刊: ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Gao, Pei;Schneider, Eric B.
• 通讯作者: Schneider, Eric B.

Sample-Selection Biases and the Historical Growth Pattern of Children

样本选择偏差与儿童的历史成长模式

• DOI: 10.1017/ssh.2020.10
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Social Science History
• 影响因子: 0.8
• 作者: Schneider E