Structure and Organisation of Government Project
政府项目的结构和组织
基本信息
- 批准号:ES/M000869/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 33.15万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2014
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2014 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The research asks why some administrative organizations are created then reorganized, merged, or terminated, whereas others are seemingly 'immortal' and even can become more powerful than the elected politicians that created and control them? This question has become pertinent, especially in the past three decades, within European parliamentary democracies. By the end of the 1970s, when the golden era of welfare state expansion and state growth came to an end, a new generation of political leaders such as President Ronald Reagan of the United States and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of the United Kingdom initiated a series of administrative reform trajectories - privatization, deregulation, agencification, liberalization, decentralization, and New Public Management - with the aim to fundamentally alter the scope and scale of central government and sparked off several reform trajectories across the developed and developing economies. However, Western politicians who embarked on these trajectories soon found out that changing the structure and organization of their central governments was a hard nut to crack. When successful, the consequences of succeeding in reforms were often increasing fragmentation and rising coordination costs. The difficulties encountered by politicians when embarking on the road of administrative change mean that taming and changing the structure and organization of government, designing it so as to have government serve the interests of the public, is not an easy goal to reach.This project develops and applies a novel framework that will systematically map and explain organizational changes within central government cross-nationally in four European parliamentary democracies, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, over the last three decades, the period following the initiation of New Public Management reforms in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in advanced economies. The framework identifies patterns of change in and between ministries and agencies. It compares the organizational change not only between and across countries, but also within and across specific policy sectors. The framework is longitudinal as it traces organizational changes across time. This project builds upon the most influential theory of the structure and organization of central governments, which is the theory of the politics of structural choice. This theory, developed and applied within the context of the United States presidential system, claims that the structure and organization of central government is the resultant of political negotiations on the institutional design of administrative organizations between the main political actors. To be more precise, the theory argues that the structure of central government is a function of politicians' preferences for institutional designs that insulate administrative organizations from direct political control. The theory has been tested in the United States but this project analyses the machineries of central government that exist within the context of parliamentary democracies. We ask: To what extent do changes to the structure and organization of central government within European parliamentary democracies follow the same political logic as Lewis has found for the national state in the US presidential separation-of-power system? To what extent is political insulation a driving logic of administrative design? If not, what are the determinants of administrative design in parliamentary democracies and what is the role that institutions play? Can the theory of structural choice, once adapted to parliamentary democracies, explain changes - or the lack thereof - within the institutional context of parliamentary democracies?
这项研究提出了这样一个问题:为什么有些行政组织被创建,然后被重组、合并或终止,而另一些行政组织似乎是“不朽的”,甚至可以变得比创建和控制它们的民选政治家更强大?这个问题在欧洲议会民主国家中变得相关,特别是在过去三十年中。到20世纪70年代末,福利国家扩张和国家增长的黄金时代结束,美国总统罗纳德里根和英国首相玛格丽特撒切尔等新一代政治领袖开启了一系列行政改革轨迹--私有化、放松管制、代理化、自由化、分权化,和新公共管理--旨在从根本上改变中央政府的范围和规模,并在发达经济体和发展中经济体引发了几条改革轨迹。然而,走上这条道路的西方政治家们很快发现,改变中央政府的结构和组织是一件难事。改革一旦成功,其后果往往是分散化加剧和协调成本上升。政治家在走上行政改革之路时遇到的困难意味着,驯服和改变政府的结构和组织,设计政府,使政府为公众利益服务,这不是一个容易达到的目标。本项目开发并应用了一个新的框架,将系统地映射和解释中央政府内部的组织变革,在过去30年中,即在联合王国和其他发达经济体启动新公共管理改革之后的时期,法国、德国、荷兰和联合王国这四个欧洲议会民主国家在全国范围内开展了公共管理改革。该框架确定了各部委和机构内部以及各部委和机构之间的变革模式。它不仅比较了国家之间和国家之间的组织变化,而且还比较了具体政策部门内部和之间的组织变化。该框架是纵向的,因为它跟踪组织的变化随着时间的推移。这个项目建立在中央政府的结构和组织的最有影响力的理论,这是结构选择的政治理论。这一理论是在美国总统制的背景下发展和应用的,它声称中央政府的结构和组织是主要政治行动者之间就行政组织的制度设计进行政治谈判的结果。更准确地说,该理论认为,中央政府的结构是政治家对制度设计的偏好的函数,这些制度设计将行政组织与直接的政治控制隔离开来。该理论已在美国进行了测试,但本项目分析的是议会民主背景下存在的中央政府机构。我们问:欧洲议会民主国家中央政府结构和组织的变化在多大程度上遵循了刘易斯为美国总统分权制中民族国家所发现的政治逻辑?政治隔离在多大程度上是行政设计的驱动逻辑?如果不是,那么在议会民主制中,行政设计的决定因素是什么?结构选择理论一旦适用于议会民主,能否解释议会民主制度背景下的变化--或缺乏变化?
项目成果
期刊论文数量(7)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
The politics of government reorganization in Western Europe
- DOI:10.1111/gove.12670
- 发表时间:2022-02
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:J. Fleischer;Philippe Bezes;O. James;Kutsal Yesilkagit
- 通讯作者:J. Fleischer;Philippe Bezes;O. James;Kutsal Yesilkagit
International rankings of government performance and source credibility for citizens: experiments about e-government rankings in the UK and the Netherlands
- DOI:10.1080/14719037.2017.1296965
- 发表时间:2018-01-01
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.9
- 作者:James, Oliver;Petersen, Carolyn
- 通讯作者:Petersen, Carolyn
Politicians' Organisational Tools of Government: Reshaping UK Government Departments
政治家的政府组织工具:重塑英国政府部门
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2018
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:James, O
- 通讯作者:James, O
Measurement equivalence in replications of experiments: when and why it matters and guidance on how to determine equivalence
- DOI:10.1080/14719037.2016.1210906
- 发表时间:2016-06
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.9
- 作者:S. Jilke;Nicolai Petrovsky;B. Meuleman;O. James
- 通讯作者:S. Jilke;Nicolai Petrovsky;B. Meuleman;O. James
The Politics of Structural Choice for Ministerial Departments in European Parliamentary Regimes
欧洲议会制度中部长级部门结构选择的政治
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2018
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Bezes P
- 通讯作者:Bezes P
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Oliver James其他文献
Frontal engagement in perceptual integration under low subjective visibility
在低主观可见度下感知整合中的前额叶参与
- DOI:
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120984 - 发表时间:
2025-01-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.500
- 作者:
Jisub Bae;Koeun Jung;Oliver James;Satoru Suzuki;Yee Joon Kim - 通讯作者:
Yee Joon Kim
Associations: Creative Practice and Research
协会:创意实践与研究
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2018 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Oliver James - 通讯作者:
Oliver James
Best Practice Recommendations for Replicating Experiments in Best Practice Recommendations for Replicating Experiments in Public Administration Public Administration
公共行政中复制实验的最佳实践建议 公共行政中复制实验的最佳实践建议
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Richard M. Walker;†. GeneA.Brewer;M. J. Lee;Nicolai Petrovsky;§. ArjenvanWitteloostuijn;Mary Feeney;Bert George;Oliver James;S. Jilke;Tobin Im;M. J. Moon;Greta Nasi;Asmus L. Olsen;Lars Tummers;G. V. Ryzin;Xun Wu - 通讯作者:
Xun Wu
Camera tracking in visual effects an industry perspective of structure from motion
视觉效果中的相机跟踪——从运动中观察结构的行业视角
- DOI:
10.1145/2947688.2947697 - 发表时间:
2016 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Alastair Barber;D. Cosker;Oliver James;Ted Waine;Radhika J. Patel - 通讯作者:
Radhika J. Patel
Methods for Identifying and Reconciling Allergy Information in the Electronic Health Record
- DOI:
10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.597 - 发表时间:
2021-02-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Carlos Ortega;Ying-Chih Lo;Suzanne Blackley;Sachin Vallamkonda;Frank Chang;Oliver James;Sharmitha Yerneni;Diane Seger;Liqin Wang;Kimberly Blumenthal;Foster Goss;Paige Wickner;Li Zhou - 通讯作者:
Li Zhou
Oliver James的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Oliver James', 18)}}的其他基金
Chief executive succession and the performance of central government agencies
行政长官继任与中央政府机构绩效
- 批准号:
ES/H02963X/1 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 33.15万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Local Public Services and Quality of Life: An Internet Tool for Citizen Consultation to 'Join-up' Performance Assessment
地方公共服务和生活质量:公民咨询“联合”绩效评估的互联网工具
- 批准号:
ES/H00033X/1 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 33.15万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Standards of Evidence for Assessing Public Service Performance
评估公共服务绩效的证据标准
- 批准号:
ES/F00379X/1 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 33.15万 - 项目类别:
Fellowship
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