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Poverty Alleviation and Women Refugees in the Middle East: Empowerment through Grassroots Micro-Entrepreneurship?

中东扶贫与女性难民：通过草根微型创业赋权？

基本信息

批准号：
ES/N014405/1
负责人：
Haia Al-Dajani
金额：
$ 44.49万
依托单位：
Plymouth University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FN014405%2F1
关键词：
Poverty Alleviation Women Refugees Middle

项目摘要

Contemporary political volatility within the Middle East region has led to far reaching socio-economic upheaval and strife with a devastating impact generating mass displacement of Iraqi, Palestinian, and Syrian refugees to Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey (UNCHR, 2014). In their host nations, these displaced communities seek to reconstruct their lives in a context of loss, poverty, violence and devastation (Kuttab, 2008; Chatty, 2010). Here, as in other contexts of displacement and refugee movements, women and children are subject to the worst effects of such upheaval given their limited power and resources to counteract the ensuing violence and poverty (Al-Dajani and Marlow, 2013; Holmes, 2007; UN, 2006). As one strategy to address the matrix of disadvantages and especially poverty arising from displacement, the potential of home based self-employment for women has become a focal point of contemporary policy interest. Such micro enterprising is positioned as a development tool across many contexts as it presents pathways for socio-economic empowerment for women which require few resources but also, do not challenge prevailing cultural patriarchal norms. Despite critiques of this argument (Kuttab, 2008; Bruton, 2010; Franck, 2012), home based enterprise is positioned as a critical activity for displaced women as a simple but effective point of entry for economic participation with related social and status benefits (Al Dajani and Marlow, 2013). As such, numerous support and advice agencies aiming to encourage such enterprising activities now focus upon helping displaced and refugee women to undertake self-employment. Our previous research (Al-Dajani et al, 2015) however, suggests that such agencies are perceived to impose numerous stifling constraints upon the displaced refugee women. This tension and the preferences of the displaced women regarding business start-up and trading partners has prompted many women to reject engagement with formal support agencies. Rather, they are finding other pathways and networks to support their enterprising activities. Thus, within this project we will explore the effectiveness and impact of the available pathways for support and advice for displaced and refugee women and analyse the extent to which entrepreneurship is a sustainable conduit for poverty alleviation and empowerment in socio-politically volatile circumstances. The project brings together the Issam Fares Institute (Lebanon), UDA Consulting (Turkey) and the King Hussein Foundation (Jordan) to undertake the project alongside Haya Al-Dajani at UEA (PI) and Susan Marlow at Nottingham University (Co-I). The partners have already attained definite agreement from potential stakeholders to contribute to the project, and are working with key refugee support agencies identified by UNHCR as partner agencies assisting Syrian refugees. In each geographical location, an initial stakeholder meeting will be held, bringing together 20 non-academic key stakeholders, including potential research users, to engage in the design of the ensuing project and conduct through the adoption of a Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) approach (UNV, 2013). This will be followed by individual interviews with 150 Iraqi, Palestinian and Syrian refugee women displaced to Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey. Upon completion of this data collection, another stakeholder meeting will be held in each location to deliberate the findings and to inform the design and development of Phase 2 of the study involving a follow up survey with the refugee women. Finally, a key stakeholder dissemination event will be held at the end of the project in each of the three geographical locations. These events will engage 50 key stakeholders in each location, and will focus on research, practice and policy development for displaced and refugee populations.

当代中东地区的政治动荡导致了影响深远的社会经济动荡和冲突，造成了毁灭性的影响，使伊拉克、巴勒斯坦和叙利亚难民大规模流离失所，逃往约旦、黎巴嫩和土耳其（UNESCO，2014年）。在收容国，这些流离失所的社区寻求在损失、贫穷、暴力和破坏的背景下重建生活（Kuttab，2008年; Chatty，2010年）。在这方面，如同在其他流离失所和难民流动的情况下一样，妇女和儿童受到这种动荡的最严重影响，因为他们的力量和资源有限，无法应对随之而来的暴力和贫困（Al-Dajani和马洛，2013年; Holmes，2007年;联合国，2006年）。作为一项解决各种不利条件，特别是流离失所所造成的贫困的战略，妇女在家中自营职业的潜力已成为当代政策关注的焦点。这种微型企业在许多情况下都被定位为一种发展工具，因为它为妇女的社会经济赋权提供了途径，这需要很少的资源，而且不挑战普遍的文化父权规范。尽管有人批评这一论点（Kuttab，2008年;布鲁顿，2010年; Franck，2012年），但家庭企业被定位为流离失所妇女的一项重要活动，是一个简单但有效的参与经济活动的切入点，并享有相关的社会和地位福利（Al Dajani和马洛，2013年）。因此，许多旨在鼓励这类创业活动的支助和咨询机构现在把重点放在帮助流离失所和难民妇女从事自营职业上。然而，我们之前的研究（Al-Dajani等人，2015年）表明，这些机构被认为对流离失所的难民妇女施加了许多令人窒息的限制。这种紧张关系以及流离失所妇女对创业和贸易伙伴的偏好，促使许多妇女拒绝与正规支助机构接触。相反，他们正在寻找其他途径和网络来支持他们的创业活动。因此，在本项目中，我们将探讨为流离失所和难民妇女提供支助和咨询的现有途径的有效性和影响，并分析在社会政治动荡的情况下，创业在多大程度上是减贫和赋权的可持续渠道。该项目汇集了Issam Fares研究所（黎巴嫩），UDA咨询公司（土耳其）和侯赛因国王基金会（约旦），与UEA的Haya Al-Dajani（PI）和诺丁汉大学的Susan马洛（Co-I）一起开展该项目。合作伙伴已与潜在利益攸关方达成明确协议，同意为该项目捐款，并正在与难民署确定为援助叙利亚难民的伙伴机构的主要难民支助机构合作。在每个地理位置，将举行一次首次利益攸关方会议，召集20个非学术性的主要利益攸关方，包括潜在的研究用户，参与随后项目的设计，并通过采用渐进式学习和行动方法进行（联合国志愿人员组织，2013年）。随后将对150名流离失所到约旦、黎巴嫩和土耳其的伊拉克、巴勒斯坦和叙利亚难民妇女进行个别访谈。数据收集工作完成后，将在每个地点举行另一次利益攸关方会议，审议调查结果，并为研究第二阶段的设计和发展提供信息，包括对难民妇女进行后续调查。最后，在项目结束时，将在三个地理位置分别举办一次主要利益攸关方宣传活动。这些活动将吸引每个地点的50个关键利益攸关方参与，并将侧重于流离失所者和难民人口的研究、实践和政策制定。