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From Military to Market: the Global Political Economy of Race and Gender in Private Military and Security Company Labour Chains

从军事到市场：私营军事和保安公司劳动力链中种族和性别的全球政治经济

基本信息

批准号：
ES/N017439/1
负责人：
Amanda Chisholm
金额：
$ 18.89万
依托单位：
Newcastle University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FN017439%2F1
关键词：
Military Market Global Political Economy

项目摘要

Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) are having a profound impact on the ways in which security governance is organised globally. Taking on roles of consultancy to armed contracting these companies are altering how war and security is practiced. The economic scale of their operations is also noteworthy. These companies are apart of a multibillion dollar industry that is involved in international security operations in, for example, Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya as well as in prisons in the UK and the US. Their clients include the private commercial sector, government bodies and non government organisations. The growth of their operations is matched by a plethora of academic inquiries and journalist reports, which have demonstrated the ways in which these companies are changing security-from a state driven practice to a shared assemblage with private companies, and the associated legal and practical issues. Yet connecting PMSC to political economy of labour has been so far absent. Such a gap misses the significant ways in which these companies are changing how global labour is being organised in preparation for and support of security operations. It also misses the ways in which global South labourers are increasingly called upon to not only provide armed and unarmed security protection, but to conduct the necessary logistics roles that support such operations. This study seeks to address this empirical and theoretical gap in research on private security. It asks:1. How are the recruitment and management practices of security chains in Qatar informed by race and gender relations?2. How does race and gender shape the migrant and their families' experiences? and,3. What are the coping strategies migrant communities and their families adopt and how can they inform corporate social responsibility (CSR) in labour recruitment companies and government policies on labour management? It is an ambitious and timely research project that works directly with two international recruitment and labour management companies that recruit on behalf of PMSCs and other international commercial entities. It compares two Nepalese labour chains that support PMSCs' global operations; the security and logistics labour chains that are being recruited for work in Qatar. Qatar and Nepal are both important countries to study. Qatar, a small Gulf State with large scale development plans and the host of the upcoming 2022 World Cup, relies heavily upon foreign labour to meet its logistics and security needs. Nepal, is a country that has 200 years of foreign migration history and exporting its population for work abroad is a key economic development strategy. By working directly with the migrants, their families, the recruitment companies, government bodies and the "end users" of the logistics and security services, this study will gain a sophisticated and holistic insight into how security and logistics labour is constructed and sustained and where best practices are located. Planned outputs include both academic and nonacademic deliverables. Academic deliverables are 2 specialised workshops for cross sharing of knowledge and networking, 1 manuscript and 3 academic journal articles in top ranked peer reviewed journal. Non-academic deliverables include 1 toolkit aimed at commercial and government users of foreign labour to identify better auditing mechanisms, 1 toolkit aimed at migrants and their families to promote informed decisions in which companies to work with and which recruitment agencies to go through, 1 ethical recruitment accreditation document to be built into Qatar's tender processes, 3 professional podcasts on migrant labour from perspectives of the migrants, the recruitment agencies and government to be used as a teaching tool in universities and commercial social marketing, 1 short animation on migrant labour to be used as a teaching tool for migrant communities and in universities.

私营军事和保安公司（PMSC）正在对全球安全治理的组织方式产生深远的影响。这些公司从顾问到武装承包的角色正在改变战争和安全的实践方式。其业务的经济规模也值得注意。这些公司是一个数十亿美元的行业的一部分，该行业参与了阿富汗，伊拉克和利比亚以及英国和美国监狱的国际安全行动。他们的客户包括私营商业部门、政府机构和非政府组织。他们的业务增长与大量的学术调查和记者报道相匹配，这些调查和报道展示了这些公司正在改变安全性的方式-从国家驱动的实践到与私营公司的共同集会，以及相关的法律的和实际问题。然而，到目前为止还没有将私营军保公司与劳工的政治经济联系起来。这种差距忽略了这些公司正在改变全球劳动力组织方式的重要方式，以准备和支持安全行动。它还忽略了全球南方劳工越来越多地被要求不仅提供武装和非武装的安全保护，而且发挥必要的后勤作用，支持这种行动。本研究旨在解决这一经验和理论研究的私人保安差距。它问：1。卡塔尔保安链的招聘和管理做法如何考虑到种族和性别关系？2.种族和性别如何塑造移民及其家庭的经历？和，3.移徙者社区及其家庭采取了哪些应对战略，它们如何告知劳工招聘公司的企业社会责任和政府的劳工管理政策？这是一个雄心勃勃和及时的研究项目，直接与两个代表私营军保公司和其他国际商业实体招聘的国际招聘和劳工管理公司合作。报告比较了支持私营军保公司全球业务的两个尼泊尔劳动力链：在卡塔尔招聘工作的安保和后勤劳动力链。卡塔尔和尼泊尔都是值得研究的重要国家。卡塔尔是一个拥有大规模发展计划的海湾小国，也是即将到来的2022年世界杯的主办国，严重依赖外国劳动力来满足其物流和安全需求。尼泊尔是一个有着200年外国移民历史的国家，出口人口到国外工作是一项重要的经济发展战略。通过直接与移徙者及其家人、招聘公司、政府机构和物流和安保服务的“最终用户”合作，本研究将全面深入地了解如何构建和维持安保和物流劳动力，以及最佳做法所在。计划产出包括学术和非学术成果。学术成果包括2个专门的知识和网络交叉共享研讨会，1篇手稿和3篇在顶级同行评审期刊上发表的学术期刊文章。非学术成果包括：1个工具包，针对外国劳工的商业和政府用户，以确定更好的审计机制; 1个工具包，针对移民及其家人，以促进在与哪些公司合作以及通过哪些招聘机构方面做出知情决定; 1份道德招聘认证文件，将纳入卡塔尔的招标程序; 3个从移民、招聘机构和政府的角度介绍移民劳工的专业播客，用作大学和商业社会营销的教学工具，1个关于移民劳工的动画短片，用作移民社区和大学的教学工具。