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Access to Justice, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), and consumer vulnerability in the European energy sector

欧洲能源行业的司法救助、替代性争议解决 (ADR) 和消费者脆弱性

基本信息

批准号：
ES/P010237/1
负责人：
Naomi Creutzfeldt
金额：
$ 46.49万
依托单位：
University of Westminster
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FP010237%2F1
关键词：
Access Justice Alternative Dispute Resolution

项目摘要

Is Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) resulting in more accessible justice? This project will address this question. Specifically, it examines whether ADR provides access to justice for vulnerable consumers in the European energy market. This location is ideal for the research. Consumer disputes are frequently subject to ADR: in 2008, 530,000 cases were referred to ADR in Europe. And yet, only 43% of consumers report that ADR is easy to use. In this context, some have questioned whether ADR is meeting consumer needs. At the same time, debate about access to justice has shifted from a focus on demographic groups (e.g. the poor) to a broader focus on vulnerability. This more challenging concept is the focus of this research.There are compelling reasons for focusing on the energy sector. First, it is a sector where the European Union has mandated ADR as a means of promoting access to justice. Second, energy consumers are particularly prone to detriment, with 8.9 million problems experienced in the UK in 2015. Third, the consequences of detriment are severe, with 10.8% of the EU's population living in fuel poverty. Fourth, energy consumers are particularly at risk of vulnerability. Fifth, ADR is an explicit means through which policymakers are seeking to tackle vulnerability. This sector is, therefore, an important site at which access to justice, ADR, and vulnerability intersect. The research builds on existing scholarship. Its major contribution will be to literature on the role of ADR in access to justice. ADR proponents say it is cheaper, quicker, more accessible. Critics question how accessible it is, and whether it provides access to settlement, not justice. The research will also contribute to literature on dispute system design (DSD) and consumer vulnerability, by exploring how ADR design affects access to justice for the vulnerable. In addition, the research will build directly on the applicants' recent work on ADR: Creutzfeldt's ESRC Fellowship and Creutzfeldt and Gill's ESRC Impact Acceleration Award.The research will use mixed methods and investigate six European countries with significant national variations in policy and practice. This design has been developed in partnership with the National Energy Ombudsman Network, which has guaranteed access for research. The applicants have recently conducted commissioned research for energy ADR schemes: strong relationships of trust and cooperation will ensure impact is achieved. If successful, the ultimate outcome of the research will be an enhancement in access to justice for vulnerable consumers in the energy market and beyond.

替代性争议解决机制（ADR）是否使司法更加公正？这个项目将解决这个问题。具体而言，它考察了ADR是否为欧洲能源市场的弱势消费者提供了诉诸司法的途径。这个地点是进行研究的理想地点。消费者纠纷经常诉诸ADR: 2008年，欧洲有53万起案件诉诸ADR。然而，只有43%的消费者表示药品不良反应很容易使用。在这种背景下，一些人质疑ADR是否满足了消费者的需求。与此同时，关于获得司法救助的辩论已从关注人口群体（如穷人）转向更广泛地关注脆弱性。这个更具挑战性的概念是本研究的重点。关注能源行业有令人信服的理由。首先，在这一领域，欧盟已授权ADR作为促进诉诸司法的一种手段。其次，能源消费者特别容易受到损害，2015年英国发生了890万起问题。第三，损害的后果是严重的，10.8%的欧盟人口生活在燃料贫困中。第四，能源消费者尤其容易受到影响。第五，ADR是政策制定者寻求解决脆弱性问题的一种明确手段。因此，该部门是司法、ADR和脆弱性相互交织的重要场所。这项研究以现有的学术研究为基础。它的主要贡献将是提供关于ADR在诉诸司法方面的作用的文献。ADR的支持者说它更便宜、更快捷、更容易获得。批评人士质疑它的可及性，以及它是否提供了解决问题的途径，而不是伸张正义。该研究还将通过探索ADR设计如何影响弱势群体诉诸司法，为争议系统设计（DSD）和消费者脆弱性方面的文献做出贡献。此外，该研究将直接建立在申请人最近在ADR方面的工作：Creutzfeldt的ESRC奖学金和Creutzfeldt和Gill的ESRC影响加速奖。这项研究将采用混合方法，并调查六个在政策和实践方面存在重大国家差异的欧洲国家。这一设计是与国家能源监察专员网络合作开发的，该网络保证了研究的可及性。申请人最近进行了能源ADR计划的委托研究：牢固的信任与合作关系将确保产生影响。如果取得成功，这项研究的最终结果将是增加能源市场及其他领域弱势消费者诉诸司法的机会。