From the margins: Exploring Low-income Migrant Workers' Access to Basic Services and Protection in the context of India's Urban Transformation

从边缘出发：探索印度城市转型背景下低收入农民工获得基本服务和保护的机会

• 批准号: ES/R006997/1
• 负责人: Jeevan Sharma
• 金额: $ 38.01万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FR006997%2F1
• 关键词: margins; Exploring; Low; income; Migrant

Indian cities attract a considerable number of low-income migrants from marginal rural households experiencing difficult economic, political and social conditions at home who migrate in search of livelihoods and security. These migrants come from around the country as well as across the border from Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar to work in low-income manual occupations in a range of small-scale petty trade, service sector work, transport and construction work. Low-income migrants live and work in precarious conditions and are often denied basic amenities and fundamental rights. Poorly-paid intermittent and insecure jobs make them vulnerable to abuse, extortion or bribery. Many such migrants, both internal and international, lack documentation and proof of identity, whether for basic services such as health care and schooling or electoral voting. Their marginal position entails poorer access to health care provisions and other determinants of health than general (non-migrant) populations, thereby enhancing their vulnerability to ill-health, abuse and ill treatment whilst simultaneously compromising their ability to access protection, legal support or redress, and forms of accountability. Language, appearance and cultural differences exposes many low-income migrants from interior parts of the country or across the border to harassment and political exclusion. Moreover, despite their ubiquitous presence, their precarious livelihoods, informality and invisibility keep them unnoticed in urban planning, in the work of civil society organisations and in social science research. In this context, this collaborative project has been designed to generate evidence to advance the rights and protection mechanisms that must be planned and provided for low-income urban migrants. We shall examine what India's urban transformation means for low-income migrants, their inclusion and social justice by exploring: 1. Low-income migrants' views on transformations in Indian cities, and the opportunities and challenges that confront them; 2. Low-income migrants perceptions of their entitlements, claim-making processes and attempts to protect their own health in a context of poor living and working conditions; 3. The prevalence of violence and extent of exclusion experienced by low-income migrants and how they protect themselves from various forms of violence;4. The legal, developmental, humanitarian and human rights responses to low-income migrants in Indian cities. Fieldwork based in Guwahati (Assam) and Jalandhar (Punjab), two of India's fastest growing cities, aims to enrich our understanding of access to health care, the social determinants of health, and experiences of violence, inclusion/exclusion and accessing justice, from the vantage point of diverse low-income migrant workers, from within India as well as cross-border. The project will focus on migrants' perceptions and lived experiences and will generate evidence to advance the rights and protection mechanisms that must be planned and provided for low-income urban migrants. Low-income migrants are mobile, dispersed and invisible, so they present methodological challenges, especially for creating a sampling frame or mapping in a particular locality. A distinctive strength of the project is its innovative methods for accessing these 'hard-to-reach' groups. The proposed research will adopt a mixed methods approach. In order to unravel the nuances and complexities of low-income migrants' experiences and situate these within the broader processes of urban transformation in Jalandhar and Guwahati, we shall combine ethnographic fieldwork with in-depth interviews, a brief survey, and participatory methods such as photovoice.

印度城市吸引了大量来自边缘农村家庭的低收入移徙者，他们在家乡面临困难的经济、政治和社会条件，为寻求生计和安全而移徙。这些移徙者来自全国各地，也来自尼泊尔、孟加拉国和缅甸，从事各种小规模贸易、服务部门工作、运输和建筑工作等低收入体力劳动。低收入移徙者在不稳定的条件下生活和工作，往往得不到基本的福利和基本权利。工资低、断断续续和不稳定的工作使她们容易受到虐待、勒索或贿赂。许多国内和国际移徙者缺乏证件和身份证明，无论是医疗保健和教育等基本服务还是选举投票。他们的边缘地位意味着，与一般（非移民）人口相比，他们更难获得保健服务和其他健康决定因素，从而使他们更容易受到健康不良、虐待和虐待，同时也损害了他们获得保护、法律的支持或补救以及各种形式的问责的能力。语言、外貌和文化差异使许多来自国内或跨越边界的低收入移徙者受到骚扰和政治排斥。此外，尽管他们无处不在，但他们不稳定的生计、非正规性和隐蔽性使他们在城市规划、民间社会组织的工作和社会科学研究中被忽视。在此背景下，这一合作项目旨在提供证据，以推进必须为低收入城市移民规划和提供的权利和保护机制。我们将探讨印度的城市转型对低收入移民意味着什么，他们的包容性和社会正义，探索：1。低收入移民对印度城市转型的看法，以及他们面临的机遇和挑战; 2。低收入移徙者对其应享权利的看法、索赔程序以及在恶劣的生活和工作条件下保护自身健康的努力; 3.低收入移徙者遭受暴力的普遍程度和排斥的程度，以及他们如何保护自己免遭各种形式的暴力;4.对印度城市低收入移民的法律的、发展、人道主义和人权对策。在古瓦哈蒂（阿萨姆邦）和贾朗达尔（旁遮普）这两个印度发展最快的城市开展的实地工作，旨在从印度境内和跨境的各种低收入移徙工人Vantage，丰富我们对获得保健、健康的社会决定因素、暴力经历、包容/排斥和诉诸司法的理解。该项目将侧重于移徙者的看法和生活经历，并将提供证据，以促进必须为低收入城市移徙者规划和提供的权利和保护机制。低收入移徙者是移动的、分散的和无形的，因此，他们在方法上提出了挑战，特别是在特定地点建立抽样框架或绘图方面。该项目的一个独特优势是其接触这些“难以接触”群体的创新方法。拟议的研究将采用混合方法。为了揭示低收入移民经历的细微差别和复杂性，并将其纳入贾朗达尔和古瓦哈蒂更广泛的城市转型过程中，我们将联合收割机民族志实地考察与深度访谈、简短调查和参与式方法（如照片声音）相结合。

项目成果

Festschrift for Prof. Patricia Jeffery

帕特里夏·杰弗里教授的节日文集

• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Radhika Chopra

Migration health research and policy in south and south-east Asia: mapping the gaps and advancing a collaborative agenda.

• DOI: 10.4103/2224-3151.294303
• 发表时间: 2020-09-01
• 期刊: WHO South-East Asia journal of public health
• 作者: Kapilashrami, Anuj;Wickramage, Kolitha;Sharma, Jeevan R
• 通讯作者: Sharma, Jeevan R

Low-income urban migrant workers in India: access to services and protection from violence in Guwahati and Jalandhar

印度低收入城市移徙工人：在古瓦哈提和贾朗达尔获得服务并免受暴力侵害

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Sharma J

India Migration Report 2021 - Migrants and Health

2021 年印度移民报告 - 移民与健康

• DOI: 10.4324/9781003287667-5
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Chopra R

COVID-19 and the Precarity of Low-income Migrant Workers in Indian Cities

COVID-19 与印度城市低收入农民工的不稳定

• DOI: 10.1177/2393861720975618
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Society and Culture in South Asia
• 作者: Sharma J