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Understanding the Use of Digital Forensics in Policing in England and Wales: An Ethnographic Analysis of Current Practices and Professional Dynamics

了解数字取证在英格兰和威尔士警务中的使用：对当前实践和专业动态的民族志分析

基本信息

批准号：
ES/R00742X/1
负责人：
Dana Wilson-Kovacs
金额：
$ 45.37万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FR00742X%2F1
关键词：
Understanding Use Digital Forensics Policing

项目摘要

Digital evidence can reveal a suspect's intent to commit an offence and help establish when events occurred, where victims and suspects were and with whom they communicated. It has been increasingly used in examinations of homicides, sex crimes, missing persons, child sexual abuse, drug dealing, fraud and theft of personal information, as well as in civil disputes. As the volume of cases requiring digital forensic analysis and the amount of information to be processed in each case have risen rapidly in recent years, law enforcement agencies are struggling to address this demand. In this context, social science research is needed to illuminate how current practices can be improved and the ways in which the usefulness of digital evidence in crime detection can be maximized while preserving ethical acceptability, civil liberties and protecting both the victims and the wrongly accused. To date however, these critical issues remain under-explored and little is known about the deployment of digital forensic evidence in police inquiries and the organiational, professional and societal issues it raises.This project aims to offer a theoretically grounded and empirically based ethnographic analysis of the digital forensic resources, practices and expertise mobilised to provide intelligence for on-going investigations and aid the prosecution of suspects. Focusing on areas of improvement prioritised with the input of digital forensics (DF) practitioners working across four police forces as part of a regional forensic collaboration, its main objectives are to examine current provision in the constabularies covered by this organizational arrangement and explore how DF capabilities are used in the production of digital evidence. The project will employ qualitative methodologies to analyse the interactions and exchanges between different occupational groups and render visible this rarely explored socially and politically sensitive domain. A focus on the transformation of digital data into evidence and its trajectory to the final stage before prosecution, will enable the observation of DF knowledge and routines (1) as they unfold and (2) at different points in the investigative process. It will bring into relief operational procedures and dependencies, professional tensions, regulatory dynamics and distinct understandings of DF capabilities. The potential benefits of this project are multi-layered:Conceptually, the project will contribute to sociological and criminological studies on the seldom explored application of forensic technologies in policing. The analysis will also inform and update wider socio-legal, crime and police studies approaches to assessing the contribution of forensic science to criminal justice outcomes, and social science literature on how various stakeholders understand the role of DF in police investigations. Methodologically, the project will facilitate practitioners' engagement with and through its design, and provide novel insights on the role of social science research in documenting, establishing and sustaining dialogue between different communities of practice.At a practical level, the project will provide an in-depth understanding of current DF arrangements. The study will augment initiatives by police forces to improve performance by educating stakeholders about the ways in which DF can contribute to criminal investigations. It will do so in an organizationally reflexive way, with a view to foster cross-sector co-operation and exchange and improvements. The findings will help identify the gaps in DF resources and tensions in its delivery and impact directly on current practices. They will promote dialogue between providers and users, and inform the future training of investigative staff.At a policy level, the findings will contribute to better informed decision making. With a focus on 'What Works' in DF they will help promote best practices and lead to a more efficient delivery of DF provision.

数字证据可以揭示嫌疑人实施犯罪的意图，并有助于确定事件何时发生，受害者和嫌疑人在哪里以及他们与谁进行了通信。它越来越多地用于调查凶杀案、性犯罪、失踪人员、儿童性虐待、毒品交易、欺诈和盗窃个人信息以及民事纠纷。近年来，由于需要数字取证分析的案件数量和每个案件中需要处理的信息量迅速增加，执法机构正在努力满足这一需求。在这方面，需要进行社会科学研究，以阐明如何改进目前的做法，以及如何最大限度地发挥数字证据在侦查犯罪方面的作用，同时保持道德上的可接受性、公民自由和保护受害者和被错误指控者。然而，到目前为止，这些关键问题仍然没有得到充分的探讨，很少有人知道在警察调查和部署数字取证证据的组织，专业和社会问题，它提出了。这个项目的目的是提供一个理论基础和经验为基础的民族志分析的数字取证资源，实践和专业知识动员，以提供情报，为正在进行的调查，并协助起诉嫌疑人。作为区域法医合作的一部分，重点放在四个警察部队的数字取证（DF）从业人员的投入优先改进的领域，其主要目标是检查该组织安排所涵盖的警察部队的当前规定，并探索如何使用DF功能制作数字证据。该项目将采用定性方法分析不同职业群体之间的互动和交流，并使人们了解这一很少探索的社会和政治敏感领域。将重点放在数字数据转化为证据及其在起诉前最后阶段的轨迹上，将有助于观察DF知识和惯例（1）随着它们的展开和（2）在调查过程的不同点。它将缓解操作程序和依赖性，专业紧张局势，监管动态和对DF能力的独特理解。该项目的潜在好处是多层次的：从概念上讲，该项目将有助于对很少探索的法医技术在警务中的应用进行社会学和犯罪学研究。分析还将告知和更新更广泛的社会法律，犯罪和警察研究方法，以评估法医学对刑事司法结果的贡献，以及关于各利益攸关方如何理解DF在警方调查中的作用的社会科学文献。从方法论上讲，该项目将促进从业者参与并通过其设计，并就社会科学研究在记录、建立和维持不同实践社区之间对话方面的作用提供新的见解。在实践层面，该项目将提供深入了解当前的DF安排。这项研究将加强警察部队的举措，通过教育利益攸关方，使其了解国防部如何有助于刑事调查，从而提高绩效。它将以组织上的反思方式进行，以期促进跨界别的合作和交流，并促进改进。调查结果将有助于确定发展基金资源的差距和交付中的紧张关系，并直接影响到目前的做法。调查结果将促进提供者和使用者之间的对话，并为今后培训调查人员提供信息，在政策一级，调查结果将有助于更好地作出知情决策。通过重点关注DF中的“有效方法”，它们将有助于推广最佳实践，并导致更有效地提供DF。