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Data Justice in Mexico's Multiveillant Society: How big data is reshaping the struggle for human rights and political freedoms

墨西哥多元社会的数据正义：大数据如何重塑人权和政治自由的斗争

基本信息

批准号：
ES/R009945/1
负责人：
Ernesto Schwartz-Marin
金额：
$ 25.79万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FR009945%2F1
关键词：
Data Justice Mexico Multiveillant Society

项目摘要

On June 19th, 2017, the New York Times uncovered how the Mexican government was deploying proprietary spyware -(ostensibly) licensed to combat organised crime and terrorism- to conduct surveillance on human rights defenders, critical journalists and political opponents. This exposé was possible via the unique collaboration of 'Citizen Lab' in Canada, WikiLeaks Mexico, and a network of NGOs that tracked the software supplied by the Israeli NSO Group to Mexican intelligence agents. Inspired by this example of sousveillance-the dataveillance from below-we will examine and experiment with new forms of data justice: understood as the continuous effort to use the wealth of available data to promote personal and collective freedoms, taking into account the particular forms of oppression and inequality that shape our world. In the multiveillant society surveillance is run by the intelligence community, by corrupt federal/local authorities, as well as blurred power-crime connections to cartels and organised crime, but also by citizens and NGOs searching for justice and security. Thus, the multiveillant society must also be recognised as including the counter-surveillance innovations and the sites of resistance that have been activated by those targeted.Mexico draws constant critical attention for its high-levels of crime and weak rule-of-law: more than 160,000 deaths due to violence; some 30,000-people estimated to have been 'disappeared'; kidnappings estimated to run into tens of thousands of victims every year; and, one of the world's worst records for protection of journalists and human rights defenders. However, what has not yet received significant attention, or academic scrutiny is Mexico's emergence as a laboratory for new forms of surveillance (and its resistance). The Mexican scenario fosters a unique opportunity to understand contemporary dilemmas born from the interaction between big data, freedom (of speech, movement, and assembly), and authoritarian and criminal impulses (state and non-state).Our project will create a theory/methods package to engage with multiveillance and data justice, through ethnographic research, mobile apps, participatory action research and big-data workshops. Tailored to a politico-legal scenario where the absence of regulation, enforcement and security are the norm; a setting where configurations of data-governance challenge state-corporate efforts of mass dataveillance, we aim to create the first data justice open source tool. Through a deep ethnographic understanding of Mexico's multiveillant society we will make possible new collective forms of data-sharing, data-gathering and data-verification, that so far have only been available to well-funded organisations. In the face of this challenge we want to take advantage of connectedness and social media sharing. To begin with, we will share the data-practices of human rights defenders through an interactive digital handbook that will guide visitors to tools, infographics, apps and videos to stay digitally safe online, but also to engage with the logics and algorithms behind big data and to spot and recognise tactics of disinformation in social media. This we think will enhance personal data-justice. In the collective front we will develop The Govern-app that will tackle the challenges posed by large scale organisation, grass-root security and evidence gathering of human rights violations, in scenarios in which data sharing is permeated by distrust. T he govern-app would allow users to quickly decide what issues to tackle, what are the types of voting and decision making they need, and the types of access, encryption and authority each of the users involved in the creation of the shared digital platform in each scenario will enjoy.In short, we will co-produce new avenues to practice, to improve and to assert data justice in Mexico, and hopefully (through the impact of our research) in other scenarios around the world.

2017年6月19日，《纽约》揭露了墨西哥政府如何部署专有间谍软件--（表面上）被授权打击有组织犯罪和恐怖主义--对人权捍卫者、批评记者和政治对手进行监视。这是通过加拿大的“公民实验室”，维基解密墨西哥和一个非政府组织网络的独特合作而实现的，该网络跟踪了以色列NSO集团向墨西哥情报人员提供的软件。受苏斯韦廉斯的例子启发，我们将研究和实验新形式的数据正义：理解为持续努力利用丰富的可用数据来促进个人和集体自由，同时考虑到塑造我们世界的特殊形式的压迫和不平等。在这个多功能的社会中，监视由情报界、腐败的联邦/地方当局以及与卡特尔和有组织犯罪有模糊联系的权力犯罪管理，但也由寻求正义和安全的公民和非政府组织管理。因此，必须认识到，这个多元化的社会也包括反监视创新和被目标激活的抵抗场所。墨西哥因其高犯罪率和法治薄弱而不断受到批评：超过16万人死于暴力;约3万人估计已经“失踪”;据估计，每年有数以万计的受害者遭到绑架;在保护记者和人权捍卫者方面，这是世界上最糟糕的记录之一。然而，墨西哥作为新形式监视（及其阻力）的实验室的出现，还没有得到足够的关注或学术审查。墨西哥的情况促进了一个独特的机会，了解当代的困境，从大数据之间的相互作用，自由（言论，运动和集会），独裁和犯罪冲动（国家和非国家）。我们的项目将创建一个理论/方法包，通过民族志研究，移动的应用程序，参与行动研究和大数据研讨会，从事多民族和数据正义。我们的目标是创建第一个数据正义开源工具，该工具是针对缺乏监管、执法和安全的政治法律场景而量身定制的;数据治理的配置挑战了大规模数据保护的国家企业努力。通过对墨西哥多元社会的深刻民族学理解，我们将使数据共享、数据收集和数据验证的新集体形式成为可能，迄今为止，这些形式只适用于资金充足的组织。面对这一挑战，我们希望利用连通性和社交媒体共享。开始，我们将通过互动数字手册分享人权捍卫者的数据实践，该手册将引导访问者使用工具、信息图表、应用程序和视频，以保持在线数字安全，同时也参与大数据背后的逻辑和算法，并发现和识别社交媒体中的虚假信息策略。我们认为这将增强个人数据公正。在集体方面，我们将开发政府应用程序，以应对大规模组织，基层安全和侵犯人权行为的证据收集所带来的挑战，在数据共享充满不信任的情况下。政府应用程序将允许用户快速决定要解决的问题，他们需要什么类型的投票和决策，以及在每个场景中参与创建共享数字平台的每个用户将享受的访问，加密和权限类型。简而言之，我们将共同开发新的实践途径，以改善和维护墨西哥的数据正义，希望（通过我们研究的影响）在世界各地的其他场景中。