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The Economics and Financing of Resilient Urban Infrastructure

弹性城市基础设施的经济学和融资

基本信息

批准号：
ES/S001727/1
负责人：
Paola Hernandez Montes De Oca
金额：
$ 37.22万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS001727%2F1
关键词：
Economics Financing Resilient Urban Infrastructure

项目摘要

The UK government has launched its industrial strategy, which sets out a long-term plan to improve the productivity of British industries and enhance the earning power of the population (HM Government, 2017b). One of its five main pillars is the undertaking of a major upgrade of the UK's infrastructure. Focusing on infrastructure is essential, since it has been recognised that the existing UK's infrastructure rates poorly compared to that of other advanced economies (HM Government, 2017a). Poor infrastructure affects the productivity and competitiveness of businesses and industries in the UK, while it increases the risks of adverse economic and social impacts due to extreme weather events, such as flooding.Flooding has been identified as the major climate change risk faced by communities, businesses and infrastructure in the UK (CCC, 2017). In recent years, the UK has been impacted by several extreme flood events. For instance, the 2013/14 and 2015/16 winter floods caused severe disruptions in transport, provision of basic services (water, electricity, telecommunications), causing severe losses to households and businesses (Chatterton et al., 2016; Sakai et al., 2016). Climate projections for the UK point out future increases in flood risk (DEFRA, 2013; CCC, 2017). There is, in this sense, a genuine and urgent need among UK industries and businesses to upgrade the existing infrastructure in order to protect them against these risks, improve productivity and build climate resilience.The government has committed to enhance infrastructure at risk, especially flood defences (DEFRA, 2014). However, issues relating to the economics and financing are under-addressed. This is especially the case at the urban scale, where cities could invest in a wide range of resilience options, but frequently lack the economic evidence base and the financing arrangements that might enable them to do so. In this sense, several questions arise. What resilient infrastructure options available to cities are the most adequate and sustainable? What are the most cost-effective options? What options can deliver the greater co-benefits (e.g. economic, social, environmental)? How could infrastructure options be delivered and financed? These queries reveal a research and policy gap that this fellowship aims to address.The overall objective of this fellowship is thus to develop the economic case for investing in resilient urban infrastructure at a city scale, exploring the synergies between disaster risk reduction and improvements in productivity, economic growth, employment, environmental quality, and human well-being. This research will focus on the Leeds city area, which is a relevant case study since it has been affected by extreme flooding in the past, seeking to draw lessons that can be applied more broadly to other cities in the UK and abroad.The fellowship will be based on close collaborations with Arup, as well as with other public bodies including the Environment Agency and Leeds City Council. It will also be directly aligned with the Leeds Climate Commission (leeds.candocities.org), a city-wide collaboration of 24 key organisations established to promote investment in low carbon and climate resilient development within the city of Leeds. The fellowship will also link to existing research projects and centres, like the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, Water@Leeds, the Yorkshire Integrated Catchment Solutions Programme, the EU funded project ThinkNature (which involves various academic organisations across the EU) and the Climate Change Adaptation Group of the University of Leeds.Working closely with these partners and organisations will ensure strong stakeholder engagement along all the stages of the fellowship in order to in order to maximise policy uptake, increase climate resilience and the economic productivity of UK industries, and produce a positive impact in the lives of the UK cities' inhabitants, and beyond.

英国政府已经启动了其产业战略，该战略制定了一项长期计划，以提高英国工业的生产率和增强民众的赚钱能力(英国政府，2017b)。它的五大支柱之一是对英国的基础设施进行重大升级。将重点放在基础设施上是至关重要的，因为人们已经认识到，与其他发达经济体相比，英国现有的基础设施水平较低(英国政府，2017a)。糟糕的基础设施影响了英国企业和行业的生产率和竞争力，同时也增加了洪水等极端天气事件对经济和社会造成不利影响的风险。洪水已被确定为英国社区、企业和基础设施面临的主要气候变化风险(CCC，2017)。近年来，英国受到了几次极端洪水事件的影响。例如，2013/14年度和2015/16年度冬季洪水严重扰乱了运输、提供基本服务(水、电、电信)，给家庭和企业造成严重损失(Chatterton等人，2016年；Sakai等人，2016年)。英国的气候预测指出了未来洪水风险的增加(DEFRA，2013；CCC，2017)。从这个意义上说，英国的工业和企业确实迫切需要升级现有的基础设施，以保护它们免受这些风险，提高生产率和建立气候适应能力。政府已承诺加强处于危险中的基础设施，特别是防洪(DEFRA，2014)。然而，与经济和融资相关的问题没有得到充分的解决。在城市规模上尤其如此，城市可以投资于广泛的复原力选择，但往往缺乏经济证据基础和可能使它们能够这样做的融资安排。从这个意义上说，出现了几个问题。哪些城市可用的弹性基础设施选择是最充足和最可持续的？最具成本效益的选择是什么？哪些选择可以带来更大的共同利益(例如，经济、社会、环境)？如何提供基础设施选项并为其提供资金？这些问题揭示了该奖学金旨在解决的研究和政策差距。因此，该奖学金的总体目标是开发在城市规模投资弹性城市基础设施的经济案例，探索减少灾害风险与提高生产率、经济增长、就业、环境质量和人类福祉之间的协同效应。这项研究将集中在利兹市地区，这是一个相关的案例研究，因为它过去曾受到极端洪水的影响，试图从中吸取教训，可以更广泛地应用于英国和国外的其他城市。奖学金将建立在与奥雅纳以及包括环境局和利兹市议会在内的其他公共机构的密切合作的基础上。它还将与利兹气候委员会(leeds.candocities.org)直接结盟，利兹气候委员会是一个由24个关键组织组成的全市合作组织，旨在促进利兹市内的低碳和气候适应性发展投资。该奖学金还将与现有的研究项目和中心联系起来，如气候变化经济与政策中心、Water@Leeds、约克郡综合流域解决方案计划、欧盟资助的ThinkNature项目(涉及欧盟各地的各种学术组织)和利兹大学气候变化适应小组。与这些合作伙伴和组织密切合作，将确保在奖学金的所有阶段都有强有力的利益相关者参与，以便最大限度地了解政策，提高气候适应能力和英国工业的经济生产率，并对英国城市居民的生活和其他地方产生积极影响。