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Beyond the MSM: Understanding the rise of alternative online political media

超越 MSM：了解另类在线政治媒体的崛起

基本信息

批准号：
ES/S002510/1
负责人：
Stephen Cushion
金额：
$ 53.64万
依托单位：
CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS002510%2F1
关键词：
Beyond MSM Understanding rise alternative

项目摘要

After the British public voted to leave the EU, Donald Trump's Presidential victory and Jeremy Corbyn's rising support during the 2017 UK election campaign, the mainstream media (MSM) were criticised for not anticipating these events. They were accused of not reflecting or understanding many people's alienation from and anger with the mainstream media and political establishment. On both sides of the political spectrum, the acronym MSM has become a widely used pejorative term to characterise a broad range of legacy media that represents the establishment, protecting the interests of elites and perpetuating the political status quo. It is in this context that many voters went beyond the MSM during the 2017 UK general election campaign and turned to what have been labelled alt-left media sites, where more pro-Labour and anti-MSM messages were being conveyed. This included sites such as The Canary, Evolve Politics, Wings over Scotland, Novara Media, Skwawkbox and Another Angry Voice. They became a prominent part of the campaign because they reached voters across many social media platforms, particularly Facebook, and bypassed the reliance on MSM for news. One study found that while established MSM brands dominated traffic on websites during the 2017 election campaign, in "coverage widely shared on Facebook, the picture is vastly different. Online native news sites like The Canary and even blogs like Another Angry Voice were able to achieve larger audiences than many strong print and TV news brands" (Littunen 2017). The rise of new alterative left media were credited with not just helping Jeremy Corbyn's Labour secure more votes amongst young people, but challenging the MSM's agenda setting power, including diminishing the editorial power of right wing newspapers, which far outnumber left-leaning titles.Since they rose to prominence during the 2017 UK election campaign, there has been no systematic research examining the content of these sites, the editorial motivation behind them or how people understand and engage with them. The aim of this research project is to understand the production, content and consumption of both left- and right-wing alternative online political media, such as Westmonster, Breitbart UK, Conservative Woman and Guido Fawkes. We are also interested in exploring people's views about the MSM and whether they are turning to alternative media because of a perceived bias in political coverage. We will examine the production, content and users of alternative media by carrying out a comprehensive analysis of selected sites and their use of twitter between 2016 and 2021, conducting approximately 50 interviews with both the editors and contributors, as well as with between 75-100 regular users. We will also use Twitter sentiment tools to examine how topics such as the MSM and BBC are understood by audiences. We have already established access with many alternative media sites and regular users of them (see supporting letters).By closely analysing alternative online media over a five year period, we aim to understand the themes and issues addressed ahead of the next UK general election in 2022. This timetable has been developed to maximise societal and policy impact. Five impact events have been planned to reach key stakeholders. This includes a symposium for senior media figures to reflect on our findings and consider the implications for how MSM report politics ahead of the 2022 general election. A Westminster event and fringe talks at Labour and Conservative party conferences will be organised, which will engage policy makers, politicians and journalists. Private briefings will be held with media regulators to discuss the editorial standards of alternative online political media sites and to consider the policy implications (see supporting letter and user review). Finally, an academic conference will bring together alternative media scholars, particularly PGR students, to encourage more research.

在2017年英国大选中，英国公众投票决定退出欧盟、唐纳德·特朗普当选总统、杰里米·科尔宾的支持率上升之后，主流媒体（MSM）因没有预料到这些事件而受到批评。他们被指责没有反映或理解许多人对主流媒体和政治机构的疏远和愤怒。在政治光谱的两边，MSM这个缩写词已经成为一个广泛使用的贬义词，用来形容代表建制派、保护精英利益、维持政治现状的广泛传统媒体。正是在这种背景下，许多选民在2017年英国大选期间超越了主流媒体，转向被称为“另类左翼”的媒体网站，在那里传递了更多亲工党和反主流媒体的信息。其中包括The Canary、Evolve Politics、Wings over Scotland、Novara Media、Skwawkbox和Another Angry Voice等网站。他们之所以成为竞选活动的重要组成部分，是因为他们通过许多社交媒体平台（尤其是Facebook）接触到选民，并且绕过了对主流媒体获取新闻的依赖。一项研究发现，虽然在2017年大选期间，知名的MSM品牌主导了网站的流量，但在“Facebook上广泛分享的报道”中，情况却大不相同。像金丝雀这样的在线本地新闻网站，甚至像另一个愤怒的声音这样的博客，都能够比许多强大的印刷和电视新闻品牌获得更多的受众。”新的另类左翼媒体的崛起不仅帮助杰里米·科尔宾（Jeremy Corbyn）领导的工党在年轻人中获得了更多选票，而且挑战了主流媒体制定议程的权力，包括削弱右翼报纸的编辑权力，右翼报纸的数量远远超过左倾报纸。自从这些网站在2017年英国大选期间声名鹊起以来，一直没有系统的研究对这些网站的内容、它们背后的编辑动机或人们如何理解和参与它们进行研究。本研究项目的目的是了解左翼和右翼另类在线政治媒体的生产、内容和消费，如Westmonster、Breitbart UK、Conservative Woman和Guido Fawkes。我们也有兴趣探索人们对主流媒体的看法，以及他们是否因为对政治报道的偏见而转向其他媒体。我们将通过对2016年至2021年间选定的网站及其twitter使用情况进行全面分析，对替代媒体的生产、内容和用户进行调查，并对编辑和撰稿人以及75-100名普通用户进行约50次采访。我们还将使用Twitter情感工具来检查受众如何理解MSM和BBC等话题。我们已经与许多另类媒体网站和它们的常规用户建立了联系（见支持信）。通过仔细分析五年期间的其他在线媒体，我们的目标是了解在2022年下届英国大选之前解决的主题和问题。制定这一时间表是为了最大限度地发挥社会和政策影响。已计划开展五项影响活动，以触及关键利益攸关方。这包括为资深媒体人士举办的研讨会，以反思我们的发现，并考虑在2022年大选之前，主流媒体如何报道政治的影响。将在威斯敏斯特举行活动，并在工党和保守党会议上组织外围会谈，政策制定者、政治家和记者将参与其中。将与媒体监管机构举行非公开简报会，讨论替代性在线政治媒体网站的编辑标准，并考虑其政策影响（见支持信和用户审查）。最后，一场学术会议将汇集另类媒体学者，特别是PGR学生，以鼓励更多的研究。