MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF PCBS & PCDFS AT A WASTE SITE

PCBS 的多学科研究

• 批准号: 3104487
• 负责人: DAVID Orlo CARPENTER
• 金额: $ 51.03万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT ALBANY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-04-01 至 1992-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3104487
• 关键词: dioxins; environmental contamination; environmental toxicology; halobiphenyl /halotriphenyl compound; polychlorodibenzofuran; waste disposal

This proposal is directed at the human health hazards from exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their virulently toxic impurities, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). It integrates a study of these chemicals in humans living near a dumpsite with studies in laboratory mammals and in a neurological model species, the marine gastropod Aplysia. New chemical analytical technology will be applied throughout to observe more than 100 common congeners of PCBs and PCDFs in human body fluids and animal tissue. It will also be used to monitor engineering-scale extraction and destruction of these compounds by super-critical fluid technology, ambient-temperature and thermophilic bacteria, and permeability studies of typical geological landfill materials. Nine projects are proposed: I) an epidemiologic study of a native American community living on a reservation (Akwesasne) adjacent to a Superfund- designated landfill contaminated with PCBs and PCDFs. Levels of contaminants in fish and wildlife consumed by pregnant and nursing mothers will be correlated with levels in body fluids, including breast milk, and with levels in urine and feces in infants; II) a study of pre- and postnatal exposure of rat pups to PCBs and PCDFs, correlating pregnancy outcomes, tests of development and alterations in brain neurochemistry with body burden; III) a morphologic study of livers from the animals in part II, with investigation using the Albany high voltage electron microscope to elucidate relative toxicity and ultrastructural changes associated with exposure; IV) a study of exposure of an invertebrate, Aplysia, to PCBs and PCDFs, correlating bioaccumulation with several measures of behavior, brain chemistry and brain physiology; V) a study of anaerobic biodegradation of PCBs in soils; VI) a study of anaerobic thermophilic digestion of PCBs; VII) a study of the effectiveness of supercritical extraction and supercritical oxidation to remove and/or destroy these contaminants; VIII) a study of the migration of these contaminants through the soils of Akwesasne; and IX) support of most of the above projects for analysis for PCBs, PCDFs and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), together with the development and validation of quantitation of these substances in urine and feces, particularly from infants' diapers, as a method of population screening. While this study is inspired by a particular population which traditionally has a greater dependence upon local flora and fauna than most, and a particular hazardous waste site which contaminates this region, the results should be are relevant to many populations and many sites.

本提案针对的是接触以下物质对人体健康的危害： 多氯联苯及其有毒杂质， 多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）。 它整合了这些研究 生活在垃圾场附近的人类的化学物质，实验室研究 哺乳动物和神经模型物种，海洋腹足类Aaplasia。 新的化学分析技术将在整个过程中应用， 人体体液中有超过100种常见的多氯联苯和多氯二苯并呋喃同类物， 动物组织 它还将用于监测工程规模 用超临界流体萃取和破坏这些化合物 技术、环境温度和嗜热细菌，以及 典型地质填埋材料的渗透性研究。 九 项目被提出：I）一个美国土著人的流行病学研究 社区生活在一个保留地（Akwesasne）毗邻一个超级基金- 被多氯联苯和多氯二苯并呋喃污染的指定填埋场。 水平 孕妇和哺乳期母亲食用的鱼类和野生动物中的污染物 将与体液（包括母乳）中的水平相关， 婴儿尿液和粪便中的水平; II）一项研究， 出生后幼鼠接触多氯联苯和多氯二苯并呋喃，与怀孕有关 脑神经化学的发展和改变的结果、测试 III）来自以下动物的肝脏的形态学研究： 第二部分，使用奥尔巴尼高压电子 显微镜下阐明相对毒性和超微结构变化 与暴露相关; IV）无脊椎动物暴露的研究， 多氯联苯和多氯二苯并呋喃，将生物累积与几种 行为，脑化学和脑生理学的措施; V）研究 土壤中多氯联苯的厌氧生物降解; VI）厌氧生物降解研究 多氯联苯的高温消化;七）研究 超临界萃取和超临界氧化以除去和/或 破坏这些污染物;八）这些迁移的研究 通过Akwesasne的土壤污染物;和IX）支持大多数 上述多氯联苯、多氯二苯并呋喃和多氯联苯分析项目 二苯并二恶英（PCDDs），以及开发和验证 尿液和粪便中这些物质的定量，特别是来自 婴儿尿布，作为一种人口筛查方法。 虽然这项研究 是受到一个特定群体的启发， 对当地植物群和动物群的依赖比大多数人都要大， 危险废物场地污染该地区，结果应 与许多人群和许多地点有关。