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Creole Infrastructure: States, Neoliberalism and Everyday Practices in Secondary African Cities

克里奥尔基础设施：国家、新自由主义和非洲二线城市的日常实践

基本信息

批准号：
ES/S011420/1
负责人：
Susana Neves Alves
金额：
$ 12.51万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS011420%2F1
关键词：
Creole Infrastructure States Neoliberalism Everyday

项目摘要

Scholarship on infrastructure is central to contemporary urban geography, especially socio-technical perspectives examining infrastructural networks as key mediators of the modern urban condition(Graham & Marvin 2001; Amin 2004; Swyngedouw 2004). Recently, such debates have been re-energised by research conducted in southern cities, which has challenged prevailing theorisations of the links between networked infrastructures and contemporary urbanism based on the experiences of a limited number of cities (McFarlane 2008; Robinson 2016; Lawhon et al 2017). This fellowship's primary research aim is to contribute to this research field by adding to scholarly and policy understandings of urban infrastructure, particularly in the global south.The study of water infrastructure - and how political economic circumstances alongside a variety of policies, actors and practices shape these infrastructures - is crucial in expanding equitable access to water. While most urban dwellers in Africa live in cities with fewer than 500,000 inhabitants, and population growth is expected to be concentrated in these towns (UN 2014), research on urban infrastructure is mostly centred on large cities. Small cities are sparsely mentioned as examples of those places left out by neoliberalisation (Bakker 2013). Yet, there are few studies exploring actually existing infrastructure in smaller cities. This project addresses this gap by investigating water supply in a small African city: Bafatá, Guinea-Bissau. It shows how distance to centres of political economic power, weak institutions, and acute shortages of resources shape possibilities for water governance in small cities (De Boeck et al 2009; Jaglin et al 2011; Förster et al 2018). As well as researching water supply in hardly-studied cities, this project makes a distinctive contribution to academic debates by bringing into closer focus the specific assemblages of global policies, local socio-political processes and situated practices shaping urban infrastructure in an African city. Current theoretical approaches which tend to over-emphasise neoliberalisation processes cannot capture the complexity of African cities (Parnell et al 2012; Lawhon et al 2014). This is especially the case in contexts where the state or capitalist relations are not the key agents shaping urbanization. This study develops the notion of Creole Infrastructure to examine the multiple forces and practices converging in the situated production of urban infrastructure. It builds on conceptualisations of 'variegated neoliberalisms' (Brenner et al 2010) and ideas around assemblages and the everyday to make sense of urban multiplicities (Simone 2011). The term creole is used to depict the reciprocal intermixing of an array of motivations as an ongoing and creative, but also selective, process shaping urbanization. Research on policy mobility discusses how policy models mutate when moving between and landing in different contexts (McCann & Ward 2014). Yet, there are few studies scrutinising how circulating policies translate into actual infrastructural practices (Monstadt & Schramm 2017) or studying the circulation of best practices between African cities. This project analyses how laws and policy models are enacted in infrastructural practices through the actions of state and non-state actors, and theorises emerging vernacular governance models. It also examines the travels of models between two small cities in Guinea-Bissau and assesses whether these short-distance exchanges can work to improve access to safe and affordable networked water for urban-dwellers.While this fellowship focuses primarily on consolidating my PhD research, it also expands my doctoral research by developing a grant proposal for future research that will seek to extend my PhD focus on empirical and theoretical understandings of infrastructure from the viewpoint of smaller cities by considering the cases of Beira and Nampula, Mozambique.

关于基础设施的学术研究是当代城市地理学的核心，特别是从社会技术角度考察基础设施网络作为现代城市状况的关键媒介(Graham&Marvin 2001；Amin 2004；Swyngedouw 2004)。最近，在南方城市进行的研究重新激发了这种争论，这些研究挑战了基于有限几个城市的经验而提出的关于网络基础设施与当代城市化之间联系的主流理论(麦克法兰2008；罗宾逊2016；Lawhon等人2017)。该奖学金的主要研究目的是通过增加对城市基础设施，特别是全球南部城市基础设施的学术和政策理解，为这一研究领域做出贡献。对水基础设施的研究--以及政治经济环境以及各种政策、行为者和做法如何塑造这些基础设施--对于扩大公平获取水资源至关重要。虽然非洲大多数城市居民生活在人口少于50万的城市，人口增长预计将集中在这些城镇(联合国2014年)，但对城市基础设施的研究主要集中在大城市。小城市很少被提及，作为新自由主义遗漏的地方的例子(Bakker 2013)。然而，很少有研究探索小城市实际存在的基础设施。该项目通过调查一个非洲小城市的供水情况来解决这一缺口：几内亚比绍的巴法塔。它展示了距离政治经济权力中心的距离、薄弱的机构和严重的资源短缺如何塑造小城市水治理的可能性(De Boeck等人，2009年；Jaglin等人，2011年；Förster等人，2018年)。除了研究很少被研究的城市的供水问题外，该项目还通过更密切地关注全球政策、当地社会政治进程和塑造非洲城市基础设施的具体做法的具体集合，为学术辩论做出了独特的贡献。当前的理论方法往往过分强调新自由主义进程，无法捕捉到非洲城市的复杂性(Parnell等人，2012年；Lawhon等人，2014年)。在国家或资本主义关系不是塑造城市化的关键因素的背景下，情况尤其如此。这项研究发展了克里奥尔基础设施的概念，以考察在城市基础设施的情景生产中汇聚的多种力量和实践。它建立在“各式各样的新自由主义”的概念化基础上(Brenner等人，2010年)，以及围绕集合体和日常生活的想法，以理解城市的多样性(Simone，2011)。克里奥尔这个词被用来描述一系列动机的相互混合，作为一个持续的、创造性的、但也是有选择的、塑造城市化的过程。关于政策流动性的研究讨论了政策模型在不同背景下移动和着陆时如何发生变异(McCann&Ward 2014)。然而，很少有研究仔细研究流通政策如何转化为实际的基础设施实践(Monstadt&Schramm 2017)，或者研究最佳实践在非洲城市之间的流通。这个项目分析了法律和政策模式是如何通过国家和非国家行为者的行动在基础设施实践中颁布的，并对新兴的白话治理模式进行了理论推导。它还考察了几内亚比绍两个小城市之间的模型旅行，并评估这些短途交流是否可以改善城市居民获得安全和负担得起的联网水的机会。虽然该奖学金主要集中在巩固我的博士研究，但它也扩大了我的博士研究，为未来的研究制定了一项拨款提案，寻求通过考虑莫桑比克贝拉和楠普拉的案例，从较小城市的角度扩展我对基础设施的实证和理论理解的博士学位重点。