Entrepreneurial and Innovation Ecosystems in the UK and Japan - Place-based policy scenarios and options

拟议的计划有助于从国际角度更好地了解日本和英国的当地创新和创业生态系统。通过在两国的研究界和政策界之间建立伙伴关系，我们的广泛目标是发展当地政策制定者的能力，通过专注于基于地点的创新和创业政策的可能情景和选择来建立创业和创新生态系统。作为英国和日本的跨国合作团队，我们拥有强大的国际形象，在欧洲、北美和东亚建立了多个研究联系，着眼于创新和创业的制度背景的多样性。我们将通过将这些用户社区纳入概念塑造活动，为政策制定者批判性地审查和进一步发展创业和创新生态系统的概念。英国和日本被认为是经合组织集团中最集中的国家之一，尽管这两个国家在过去20年里都见证了国家和地方经济政策的权力下放和权力下放过程。虽然在大多数国家，科学和创新政策一直被视为中央政府的责任，并具有很强的国际维度，但地方和地区政府越来越多地成为塑造这些政策议程的重要参与者，作为创新和创业生态系统的一部分。在英国和日本的背景下，讨论了以下主要问题：--不同地方需要什么样的政策和举措才能建立以地方为基础的创业和创新生态系统？-不同级别的政府(即国家、区域和地方各级)应该以什么方式合作来帮助支持创业和创新生态系统？以及-我们如何衡量成功的“创业和创新生态系统”？哪些现有的方法在实践中是有用的，并促进跨地区以及研究人员和实践者之间的对话？研讨会和讲习班将成为英国和日本合作者之间建立伙伴关系的主要活动。这些活动将有来自地方当局、企业、政策组织以及学术贡献者的参与者。我们正在开发与当地政策制定者和商业机构以及整个城市-日本和英国地区的商业支持组织-的持续互动的协同计划。主要目的是促进国际学术讨论，促进跨国政策交流和学习。继我们的伙伴关系建设活动之后，拟议方案的后半部分侧重于制定未来的研究方案，进一步确定创新的方法战略和主要利益攸关方，并与国际思想领袖和政策界接触。

The proposed programme helps better understand local innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystems in Japan and the UK from international perspectives. By building a partnership between the research and policy communities in the two countries, our broad aim is to develop the capacity of local policymakers to build entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystems by focusing on possible scenarios and options for place-based innovation and entrepreneurship policies. As a cross-national team of collaborators across the UK and Japan, we have a strong international profile with a number of research linkages across Europe, North America and East Asia, looking at the diversity of the institutional contexts for innovation and entrepreneurship. We will critically examine and further develop the concept of entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystems for policymakers by including these user communities in the concept-shaping activities.The UK and Japan are known as amongst the most centralised countries in the OECD group, although both countries have witnessed the devolution and decentralisation processes in national and local economic policies over the last two decades. While science and innovation policies have been regarded in most countries as the responsibility of central government and have strong international dimensions, local and regional governments have increasingly become important actors in shaping these policy agendas as part of the innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystems. The following principal questions are addressed in the contexts of the UK and Japan: - What types of policies and initiatives are needed in different places in order to build place-based entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystems? - In what ways should different levels of governments (i.e. national, regional and local levels) work together to help support the entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystems?; and - How do we measure the successful "entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystems"? Which of the existing methodologies are useful in practice, and promote dialogues across places as well as between researchers and practitioners? The seminars and workshops will form the main partnership building activities across collaborators in the UK and Japan. These events will have participants from local authorities, businesses, policy organisations as well as academic contributors. We are developing the synergetic programme with ongoing interactions with local policy makers and business bodies as well as business support organisations across the city-regions in both Japan and the UK. The key aim is to facilitate international academic discussion, and to enhance cross-national policy exchange and learning. Following on our partnership building activities, the latter part of the proposed programme focuses on the development of future research programmes, by further identifying innovative methodological strategies and key stakeholders, and by engaging with international thought leaders and policy communities.