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ORA (Round 5)The Nature of Political Representation in Times of Dealignment

ORA（第五轮）脱节时期政治代表的本质

基本信息

批准号：
ES/S015728/1
负责人：
Rosie Campbell
金额：
$ 37.62万
依托单位：
King's College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FS015728%2F1
关键词：
ORA Round Nature Political Representation

项目摘要

The growing psychological detachment of West European electorates from political parties provides one background of the proposed research. This trend is indicated by a number of specific developments such as decreasing levels of party identification, dwindling numbers of voters who continuously vote for one and the same party, and also decreasing trust in political parties (Dalton and Wattenberg 2000; Dalton 2016; Mair 2013). These developments progressively accumulate to a situation in which political representation is no longer structured through long-term stable attachments between distinct national political parties and distinct national coalitions of voters. The rise of non-partisan electorates raises pressing questions about ways to sustain responsive democratic governance in future decades. As partisanship was a key mechanism linking citizens and the state throughout the 20th century in Western Europe we must question how responsive democratic government be sustained in the 21st century in the absence of it.Theories of individualized (dyadic) political representation provide a second background to the proposed research. Conceptual work on this issue pictures individual MPs as a potential mechanism for connecting citizens and the state. It portrays individualized forms of representation as a key alternative to European style collectivist representation. While the latter ideally is assumed to pair national coalitions of voters with national disciplined parties, the former has been characterized as a dyadic relationship between distinct constituents and individual representatives that might significantly affect voter satisfaction with the democratic process (Esaiasson et al. 2017; Karvonen 2010; Colomer 2011). Empirical work on this issue stresses related evidence on non-European systems such as the US-American case, in which individual legislators indeed structure the representative process to significant degrees, in which direct interactions between individual legislators and constituents are expected and frequent, and in which most politics is said to be local (Powell 2004; Uslaner and Zittel 2006). Advancing from these two backgrounds, the proposed research asks about the extent to which dyadic representation provides a viable supplement to partisan mechanisms of representation in European contexts.

西欧选民对政党日益增长的心理分离为拟议的研究提供了一个背景。许多具体的事态发展表明了这一趋势，例如政党认同水平下降、连续投票给同一个政党的选民数量减少，以及对政党的信任度下降（道尔顿和瓦滕伯格2000;道尔顿2016; Mair 2013）。这些事态发展逐渐累积到这样一种局面，即政治代表制不再是通过不同的国家政党和不同的国家选民联盟之间长期稳定的依附关系来构建的。无党派选民的崛起提出了如何在未来几十年维持顺应民意的民主治理的紧迫问题。由于党派是一个关键的机制，连接公民和国家在整个20世纪的西欧，我们必须质疑如何响应民主政府在21世纪的持续在没有它的个性化（二元）的政治代表理论提供了第二个背景，拟议的研究。关于这一问题的概念性工作将个别议员描绘为连接公民和国家的潜在机制。它将个性化的表现形式描绘为欧洲风格集体主义表现的关键替代品。虽然后者理想地被假设为将全国选民联盟与全国纪律严明的政党配对，但前者被描述为不同选民和个人代表之间的二元关系，可能会显着影响选民对民主进程的满意度（Esaiasson等人。2017; Karvonen 2010; Colomer 2011）。关于这个问题的实证工作强调非欧洲体系的相关证据，例如美国-美国案例，其中个别立法者确实在很大程度上构建了代表过程，其中个别立法者和选民之间的直接互动是预期且频繁的，并且其中大多数政治据说是地方性的（Powell 2004; Uslaner and Zittel 2006）。推进从这两个背景下，拟议的研究询问在何种程度上的二元代表性提供了一个可行的补充，在欧洲背景下的党派代表机制。