Sex work and hate crime: developing innovative research, policy & practice

这项奖学金建立在我的博士研究基础上，这是第一次考察默西塞德郡警方采用的创新方法，即将针对性工作者的犯罪视为仇恨犯罪(Campbell，2017)。这一做法导致犯罪举报大幅增加，对性工作者犯罪的起诉数量达到前所未有的水平，被内政部确定为良好做法的典范。作为默西塞德性工作支持项目的协调员，我参与了这一方法的开发。这项研究首次详细说明了这样一个概念性和经验性案例，即针对性工作者的犯罪可以被理解为仇恨犯罪，将针对性工作者的犯罪视为仇恨犯罪可以为了性工作者和更广泛的社会带来许多实际好处。它还强调，虽然仇恨犯罪的做法是渐进的，但性工作者尚未完全纳入仇恨犯罪的政策和做法，构成仇恨犯罪做法的要素有被侵蚀的危险。到目前为止，我的研究突出了我的多重政策影响，它为国家警察局长委员会提供了关于卖淫的指导意见，以及国家仇恨犯罪指导意见，其中重申，部队可以包括受监控范围之外的受害者群体，默西塞德郡包括性工作者就是一个例子。这项研究的结果为默西塞德郡的性工作者犯罪受害者提供了成功的资金申请。该基金被授予默西塞德郡警察和犯罪专员办公室，以提高性工作者的安全性，该项目名为红色雨伞项目。除其他规定外，这包括重新设立专业性工作独立性暴力顾问职位，该职位被研究确定为仇恨犯罪方法的关键要素。这项研究的部分发现已经发表在两本书的章节中(Campbell 2014a和2018)，但这些对学术、政策和实践具有重要意义的发现还没有更广泛地发表。此外，对性工作和仇恨犯罪的研究在国际上也不发达。这一奖学金的三个主要目标是：1.制作关于性工作和仇恨犯罪的最高质量的出版物，为具有政策相关性的原创学术和知识做出贡献。2.培养调查员的研究领导技能，包括作为首席调查员为一项研究开发研究补助金申请，这项研究将探索性工作者仇恨犯罪经历的更广泛多样性，并扩大这一领域的经验和理论知识。3.使该研究员能够与非学术利益攸关方在地方和国家一级开展进一步的政策和实践影响工作，使研究能够直接支持在默西塞德郡(进一步将性工作者纳入仇恨犯罪程序/政策)和在英国进一步制定仇恨犯罪政策。我很有能力开展这项工作，通过我作为从业者和性工作者支助服务经理的工作，为全国和几个城市的性工作政策的发展做出了贡献。影响力和参与度是这个博士后项目的核心。作为这一奖学金的一部分，将开展的一些关键活动包括：出版一本独著的书(全球第一本关于‘性工作和仇恨犯罪’的书)，为包括性行业全面多样性的性工作和仇恨犯罪的多地点研究制定一项研究提案，与默西塞德郡警方、红伞项目和一个性工作者团体合作，制定方法提高默西塞德省性工作者对这种做法的认识，并通过全国网络分享关于仇恨犯罪做法的学习(包括与警察部队合作)。

This fellowship builds on my PhD study, the first to examine the innovative approach adopted by Merseyside Police of treating crimes against sex workers as hate crime (Campbell, 2017). This approach led to significant increase in crime reporting and a unprecedented number of prosecutions for crimes against sex workers, it was identified as a model of good practice by the Home Office. I was involved in the development of the approach, as Coordinator of a sex work support project in Merseyside. The research was the first to detail the conceptual and empirical case that crimes against sex workers could be understood as hate crime, and that treating crimes against sex workers as hate crime can have many practical benefits for sex workers and wider society. It also highlighted that whilst the hate crime approach was progressive, sex workers had not been fully integrated into hate crime polices and practices, and elements that made up the hate crime approach were at risk of being eroded. The multiple policy impacts of my research to date are highlighted by it informing National Police Chiefs Council guidance on prostitution and national hate crime guidance, which reasserted that forces can include victim groups outside monitored strands, with Merseysides' inclusion of sex workers as an example. Findings from the research informed a successful application for funding to support sex worker victims of crime in Merseyside.Funding was awarded to the Office of Merseyside Police and Crime Commissioner for this initiative to improve the safety of sex workers 'the Red Umbrella Project'. This includes amongst other provisions the reintroduction of a specialist sex work Independent Sexual Violence Advisor post, identified by the research as a critical element of the hate crime approach. Selected findings from the research have been published in two book chapters (Campbell 2014a & 2018), but these significant findings for academic scholarship, policy and practice have not been published more widely. Also research on sex work and hate crime is underdeveloped internationally. The three overarching aims of this fellowship are; 1. To produce the highest quality publications on sex work and hate crime, contributing to original academic scholarship & knowledge which have policy relevance. 2. Develop the investigator's research leadership skills, including developing a research grant application as Principal Investigator for a study which will explore a wider diversity of sex workers' experiences of hate crime and expand empirical and theoretical knowledge in this area. 3.To enable the fellow to carry out further policy and practice impact work at local and national level with non-academic stakeholders, to enable the research to directly support the further development of hate crime policy on sex work in Merseyside (further integrating sex workers into hate crime procedures/polices) and in the UK.I am well placed to carry out this work, with a track record of contributing to the development of sex work policy nationally and in several cities via my work as a practitioner and manager within support services for sex workers. Impact and engagement is at the heart of this post doctoral project. Some examples of the key activities to be carried out as part of this fellowship are; production of a sole-authored book (the first globally on 'Sex work and hate crime), developing a research proposal for a multi sited study of sex work and hate crime which encompasses the full diversity of the sex industry, working with Merseyside Police, the Red Umbrella Project and a sex worker group to develop ways of raising awareness about the approach amongst sex workers in Merseyside and sharing learning through networks nationally about the hate crime approach (including with police forces).