Technology Enhanced Stakeholder Collaboration for Supporting Risk-Sensitive Urban Development [TRANSCEND]

技术增强利益相关者合作，支持风险敏感型城市发展 [TRANSCEND]

• 批准号: ES/T003219/1
• 负责人: Terrence Fernando
• 金额: $ 109.01万
• 依托单位: University of Salford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT003219%2F1
• 关键词: Technology; Enhanced; Stakeholder; Collaboration; Supporting

During the last decade, many initiatives have been undertaken to make progress in disaster risk reduction (DRR) and response. However the progress in disaster risk reduction has been limited by the failure to acknowledge and address the development processes as the root causes of disasters. Previous initiatives have concentrated on reducing existing risks, rather than on how risks are generated and accumulated in the first place through development projects that are taking place as a part of the reconstruction phase after a disaster or in response to the demand of urban sprawl. Furthermore, work on resilience has attracted criticism for its failure to involve vulnerable communities and address the issue of equity and power. As a result, the Sustainable Development Goals which call for "reduced inequalities", "inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable cities" and "partnerships for goals" and the Sendai Priority 4 that calls for build-back better in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction, are hard to achieve due to a lack of research knowledge, current practices and policies.One of the explanations for increasing risks is that the development and disaster risk reduction decision-making processes occur in silos, conducted by different agencies, institutions and other actors with differing priorities, perspectives and time horizons. Therefore, there is an urgent need to transform current development practices that increase or create risks, as well as unfairly distributing risks to vulnerable communities, to a new form of development practice that is equitable and resilient. This project consortium believe such a transformation can be achieved by enabling cross-organisational collaboration, openness, adaptability, learning, impartiality, power sharing and public participation. The project aims to investigate processes, governance structures, policies and technology that can enable a transition towards a more risk-sensitive and transformative urban development approach. More specifically, the project aims to investigate the nature of a sociotechnical system, enabled by a collaborative foresight and consensus building virtual workspace, which can promote collaborative governance approach across relevant organisations and support the transparent and democratic involvement of all the relevant stakeholders (including experts from local authorities, disaster management authorities, developers, poor and vulnerable communities, and humanitarian organisations) to analyse, forecast, visualize and debate disaster-risk trade-offs and to choose development plans that ensure sustainability and equitable resilience, giving considerations to climate change adaptation. The key research questions that the project is aiming to address are: What type of formal and informal collaborative partnerships need to be established to alleviate long-standing tensions between development and DRR and progress towards more risk-sensitive and transformative urban development? What changes are required within the current urban planning process to facilitate risk-sensitive urban development, giving consideration to natural disasters and their impact on the environment, economy and vulnerable communities? What are the type of narratives that need to be developed, presented and discussed to establish a comprehensive understanding of the impact of the proposed developments on the community, economy and environment ? What are the vulnerabilities that need to be considered within the local context? How can we make participatory planning more accessible to a range of communities?Three countries (Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia) from the Asia-Pacific region have been selected for this research since the Asia-Pacific region continues to be the world's most disaster prone region. These countries are frequently affected by a multitude of natural hazards including floods, landslides, cyclones and droughts.

在过去十年中，为在减少灾害风险和应对方面取得进展采取了许多举措。然而，由于未能认识到发展进程是灾害的根源并加以解决，减少灾害风险方面的进展受到限制。以往的举措侧重于减少现有的风险，而不是首先通过作为灾后重建阶段的一部分或为应对城市无计划扩张的需求而开展的发展项目，关注风险是如何产生和积累的。此外，关于复原力的工作因未能让弱势社区参与并解决公平和权力问题而受到批评。因此，呼吁“减少不平等”、“包容、安全、有弹性和可持续的城市”和“目标伙伴关系”的可持续发展目标以及呼吁在恢复、恢复和重建中更好地重建的仙台优先事项4，由于缺乏研究知识而难以实现，对风险增加的一种解释是，发展和减少灾害风险的决策过程是各自为政的，由不同的机构进行，优先事项、观点和时间范围各不相同的机构和其他行为者。因此，迫切需要将增加或造成风险以及不公平地将风险分配给弱势社区的现行发展做法转变为公平和有复原力的新形式的发展做法。该项目联盟认为，这种转变可以通过实现跨组织合作、开放性、适应性、学习、公正性、权力共享和公众参与来实现。该项目旨在调查能够实现向风险敏感度更高和更具变革性的城市发展方法过渡的流程、治理结构、政策和技术。更具体地说，该项目旨在调查社会技术系统的性质，通过协作预见和建立共识的虚拟工作空间，可以促进相关组织的协作治理方法，并支持所有相关利益相关者的透明和民主参与（包括来自地方当局、灾害管理当局、开发商、贫穷和脆弱社区的专家，（c）在发展中国家（特别是发展中国家和人道主义组织），分析、预测、可视化和辩论灾害风险权衡，并选择确保可持续性和公平复原力的发展计划，同时考虑到气候变化适应问题。该项目旨在解决的关键研究问题是：需要建立什么类型的正式和非正式合作伙伴关系，以缓解发展与减少灾害风险之间的长期紧张关系，并朝着更具风险敏感性和变革性的城市发展取得进展？在当前的城市规划过程中需要进行哪些变革，以促进对风险敏感的城市发展，同时考虑到自然灾害及其对环境、经济和弱势社区的影响？为了全面了解拟议的发展对社区、经济和环境的影响，需要制定、提出和讨论什么类型的叙述？需要在当地背景下考虑哪些脆弱性？我们如何使参与性规划更容易为一系列社区所接受？亚太区域的三个国家（巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡、马来西亚）被选定进行这项研究，因为亚太区域仍然是世界上最容易发生灾害的区域。这些国家经常受到洪水、山崩、旋风和干旱等多种自然灾害的影响。

项目成果

Barriers to, and Enablers for, Stakeholder Collaboration in Risk-Sensitive Urban Planning: A Systematised Literature Review

• DOI: 10.3390/su15054600
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: Sustainability
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: P. Ganeshu;T. Fernando;K. Keraminiyage

Climate financing barriers and strategies: the case of Sri Lanka

气候融资障碍和策略：斯里兰卡的案例

• DOI: 10.1108/jfmpc-12-2021-0069
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Dasandara M

Critical assessment of the existing disaster resilience frameworks and their applicability to improve community resilience

对现有抗灾框架及其在提高社区抗灾能力方面的适用性进行批判性评估

• DOI: 10.31705/wcs.2023.36
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Fernando M

Review on the importance of capacity building for enhancing disaster resilience through the effective utilisation of resources

回顾能力建设对于通过有效利用资源增强抗灾能力的重要性

• DOI: 10.31705/wcs.2023.74
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Dharmadasa K

State of the art in risk sensitive urban development: A systematic literature review.

• DOI: 10.31705/wcs.2022.59
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022
• 作者: Agu Damsari;M. Thayaparan;T. Fernando