Redressing Gendered Health Inequalities of Displaced Women and Girls in contexts of Protracted Crisis in Central and South America (ReGHID)

迫于需要离开中美洲和南美洲国家的妇女和年轻女孩(往往是基于性暴力等性别威胁)在移徙过程中和在到达的定居地面临一系列针对性别的对其健康和福祉的威胁。性健康和生殖健康是社会发展和福祉的一个重要组成部分，在流离失所的情况下尤其面临风险(强奸和性攻击、性疾病、缺乏避孕或卫生材料的风险都是该区域和其他地方强迫流离失所进程的特征)，流离失所的妇女和女孩获得和行使其性健康和生殖健康权利的能力面临一些障碍。在直接的地方背景下，这些问题从流离失所妇女和女孩缺乏权利意识或谈判保健制度的实际知识和技能，到当地保健服务缺乏满足流离失所妇女需求的能力，这些紧迫问题指向更广泛的国家和区域卫生治理问题，需要有效规划，灵活应对可能旷日持久的流离失所危机，并公平分担确保权利保护的责任。这一点很重要，不仅是因为确保这些权利是承认妇女和女孩尊严的不可或缺的一部分，而且还因为这对于使流离失所的妇女和女孩能够作为发展的推动者、作为其活动支持实现可持续发展目标的生产性社会和经济推动者至关重要。REGHID将：--确定从中美洲到墨西哥、从委内瑞拉到巴西和哥伦比亚流离失所的妇女和少女的性健康和生殖健康需求；--分析流离失所妇女和女童在生殖健康方面所面临的挑战；--评估流离失所对SRH地区当地卫生系统的影响，注意到接受国和过境国有义务确保所有人的健康人权得到尊重和保护；--提供关于流离失所期间影响妇女和女童获得和提供保健服务的不平等现象按性别划分的模式的原始原始数据。这样做的目的是提出基于人权和可交付的对策，以解决(A)流离失所的妇女和少女的近期和长期的SRH需求，包括指导、技能和信息，使她们能够清楚地说明她们的SRHR；(B)作为一种政策解决办法，在长期流离失所的情况下保护移徙妇女和女孩的SRHR。为了能够开展这项工作，该项目是共同设计的，并将通过学术界与来自移徙、流离失所、援助和发展领域的主要联合国机构和非政府组织之间的伙伴关系进行合作。该项目将由一个跨学科和国际联合体实施，该联合体将联合来自卫生经济学、政治学、人口学和社会统计、国际发展、人权、性别研究、人类学、移民和公共卫生的主要学者。参加者来自中南美洲地区的主要研究机构(洪都拉斯、萨尔瓦多、巴西、哥伦比亚和墨西哥)、南安普顿大学和约克大学。它得益于主要区域政府间组织和非政府组织的参与，这些组织包括中美洲卫生部理事会、国际移民组织区域办事处、无国界医生组织(墨西哥无国界医生组织)、联合国人口基金(人口基金)和哥斯达黎加国际移民组织。该联盟代表了相关研究和政策经验的独特平衡

Women and young girls who are driven by necessity to leave their countries in Central and South America (often on basis of gendered threats such as sexual violence) face a range of gender-specific threats to their health and well-being both in the process of migrating and in the places of settlement that they reach. Sexual and reproductive health is a key component of social development and well-being that is particularly at risk in contexts of displacement (risks of rape and sexual assault, of sexual disease, of lack of contraception or sanitary materials are all features of processes of forced displacement in this region and elsewhere) and the ability of displaced women and girls to access and exercise their sexual and reproductive health rights faces a number of obstacles. These can range in the immediate local context from lack of awareness of rights or of the practical knowledge and skills to negotiate health systems on the part of displaced women and girls to the lack of capacity of local health services to address the needs of displaced females, where these immediate problems point to wider issues of national and regional health governance, of the need for effective planning for flexible responsiveness to crises of displacement that may become protracted and the fair sharing of responsibility for securing rights protection. This matters not only because securing these rights is integral to recognising the dignity of women and girls, but also because it is critical to enabling displaced women and girls to act as agents of development, as productive social and economic agents whose activities support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. ReGHID will: - identify the sexual and reproductive health needs of women and adolescent girls displaced from Central America to Mexico and from Venezuela to Brazil and Colombia;- analyse the challenges that displaced women and girls face in relation to SRH;- assess the impact of displacement on local health systems in the area of SRH, noting the obligations of receiving and transit states to ensure that the human right to health for all is respected and protected; produce original primary data about gendered patterns of inequalities affecting access to and delivery of care in women and girls' SRH during displacement. It does so in order to propose human rights-based and deliverable responses addressing (a) the immediate and longer-term SRH needs of women and adolescent girls in displacement, including guidance, skills and information to equip them to articulate their SRHR; and (b) a responsive Comprehensive Healthcare Model as a policy solution to protect the SRHR of migrant women and girls in contexts of protracted displacement. To be able to do this work, the project has been co-designed, and will be cooperatively carried out, through a partnership between academics and major UN and NGO agencies from the fields of migration, displacement, aid and development. The project will be delivered by an interdisciplinary and international consortium that unites leading academics from health economics, political science, demography and social statistics, international development, human rights, gender studies, anthropology, migration and public health. Participants are drawn from leading research institutions in Central and South America region (Honduras, El Salvador, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico), the Universities of Southampton and York. It benefits from the participation of key regional intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations including the Council of Ministries of Health for Central America (COMISCA), the regional office of the International Organisation for Migrations (IOM), Medicos Sin Frontera (MSF, Mexico), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and FLACSO/Costa Rica. The consortium represents a unique balance of relevant research and policy experience