权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

'Lurking' and 'loitering': Historic Approaches to Policing Suspicious Behaviour in Britain and their Contemporary Resonances

“潜伏”和“游荡”：英国监管可疑行为的历史方法及其当代共鸣

基本信息

批准号：
ES/T005963/1
负责人：
Eleanor Bland
金额：
$ 13.64万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT005963%2F1
关键词：
Lurking loitering Historic Approaches Policing

项目摘要

My research examines the history of policing, specifically the policing of suspicious persons, and its implications for police practices and their impact on minority communities today. This fellowship will enable me to further examine and disseminate my findings on the contemporary resonances of historical policing practices. My research reveals the impact of policing practices on patterns of arrest and prosecution in London between 1780 and 1850. Scholars have long recognised that the received historical record of crime is a reflection of prosecutions, rather than of criminal activity itself, which is very difficult to quantify in the past. However, my research reshapes our understanding to show that it is also partially a record of policing. I advance the idea of 'proactive policing': the occasions on which policing agents exercised discretion to arrest defendants on suspicion that they had recently, or were about to, commit an offence. Using data collected from court records, including the Old Bailey Proceedings, and police or magistrates' court reports in newspapers, I examine the characteristics of those targeted by policing agents, and the reasons that policing agents gave for their arrests. This evidence demonstrates that individual police officers made active choices using their discretion, and their actions shaped patterns of arrests and prosecutions.By examining the period between 1780 and 1850, my research highlights continuities and changes in policing practices before and after the establishment of the Metropolitan Police force in 1829. I examine the expectations placed on the wide variety of different officials responsible for law enforcement on the streets of London. This was an era of concern over policing provision, debate over criminal justice administration and fears of growing criminality. I contend that policing practices, and proactive policing agents themselves, contributed to the prevalence of criminal stereotypes. These criminal stereotypes were closely related to the emerging fears that there was a 'criminal class', believed to be responsible for the majority of criminal activity. While my research so far has focussed on historical sources, I will explore in greater detail the implications of my findings for present-day policing through this fellowship. In particular, there are parallels between historical policing practices and present day police stop and search powers. While the characteristics of those targeted and stereotyped by police have evolved over time, there are clear continuities in the implications of these practices for the policed society. Through this fellowship, I will disseminate my research to the academic community, police practitioners and policy makers. I will organise a workshop to engage with police practitioners about issues of police profiling and criminal stereotyping, write a policy paper on the historical roots of contemporary police profiling and explore further avenues for practitioner-focussed dissemination. I will also prepare my research for publication as a monograph, and a journal article. As part of the fellowship, I will attend major international criminology conferences to build networks and cultivate my rising research profile in the social sciences. In particular, I will visit the Griffith Criminology Institute in Queensland, Australia, to forge connections with Australian criminologists and develop a future research project which will examine policing suspicious persons in Britain and Australia.I will also undertake training in social science skills and methods, and in policy engagement and research communication to support my impact activities. These activities, and the networks that I cultivate, will enhance my ability to pursue an interdisciplinary historical social science career.

我的研究探讨了警务的历史，特别是可疑人员的警务，其对警察的做法及其对少数民族社区的影响的影响。这个奖学金将使我能够进一步研究和传播我的调查结果对历史警务实践的当代共鸣。我的研究揭示了1780年至1850年间伦敦警察行为对逮捕和起诉模式的影响。学者们早就认识到，所收到的历史犯罪记录反映的是起诉，而不是犯罪活动本身，这在过去是很难量化的。然而，我的研究重塑了我们的理解，表明它也部分是警务记录。我提出了“积极主动的警务”的想法：在这种情况下，警务人员行使自由裁量权逮捕被告怀疑他们最近，或即将犯下的罪行。使用收集的数据从法庭记录，包括老贝利诉讼，和警察或治安法庭在报纸上的报告，我研究的特点，那些有针对性的警务人员，以及警务人员给他们的逮捕的原因。这一证据表明，个别警察人员作出了积极的选择，使用他们的自由裁量权，他们的行动塑造了逮捕和起诉的模式。通过研究1780年至1850年期间，我的研究突出了连续性和变化的警务实践之前和之后成立的大都会警察部队在1829年。我研究了对负责伦敦街头执法的各种不同官员的期望。这是一个对警务规定感到关切的时代，对刑事司法管理的辩论和对日益增长的犯罪行为的恐惧。我认为，警务做法，积极主动的警务人员本身，促成了普遍存在的犯罪定型观念。这些犯罪的定型观念与新出现的恐惧密切相关，即存在一个“犯罪阶层”，据信对大多数犯罪活动负责。虽然我的研究到目前为止一直集中在历史资料，我将更详细地探讨我的研究结果的影响，为当今的警务通过这个奖学金。特别是，历史上的警务做法与当今警察的拦截和搜查权力之间有相似之处。虽然被警察锁定和定型的人的特点随着时间的推移而发生变化，但这些做法对警察社会的影响显然是连续的。通过这个奖学金，我将传播我的研究，以学术界，警察从业人员和政策制定者。我将组织一个研讨会，与警察从业人员就警察貌相和犯罪陈规定型观念的问题进行接触，就当代警察貌相的历史根源撰写一份政策文件，并探索以警察为重点的传播的进一步途径。我也将准备我的研究作为专著出版，和期刊文章。作为奖学金的一部分，我将参加主要的国际犯罪学会议，以建立网络，并培养我在社会科学方面不断上升的研究形象。特别是，我将访问澳大利亚昆士兰州的格里菲斯犯罪学研究所，与澳大利亚犯罪学家建立联系，并制定一个未来的研究项目，该项目将研究英国和澳大利亚对可疑人员的警务工作。我还将接受社会科学技能和方法以及政策参与和研究沟通方面的培训，以支持我的影响活动。这些活动，以及我培养的网络，将提高我追求跨学科历史社会科学事业的能力。