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Droughts and Deserts: immigration legal aid in UK social policy

干旱和沙漠：英国社会政策中的移民法律援助

基本信息

批准号：
ES/T005971/1
负责人：
Jo Wilding
金额：
$ 10.89万
依托单位：
University of Brighton
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT005971%2F1
关键词：
Droughts Deserts immigration legal aid

项目摘要

High quality, free legal advice is critical for ensuring that people seeking asylum receive the protection they need; there is also a public interest in ensuring that any public service is cost-effective and of adequate quality. Legal aid practitioners and organisations are the only mechanism through which both of those interests can be met. My PhD research question was 'What is going on in the supply side of the market for asylum and immigration legal aid services?' The core projects for my post-doctoral work are to transition into the social policy field, using the insights from my research to influence policy and practice and taking them forward with further research.Numerous reviews have concluded that it is difficult to understand the relationships between cost, legal complexity, and quality in legal aid work, including the Carter Review of Legal Aid (2006), the Fundamental Legal Aid Review (commissioned in 2004 but never published:see Flood and Whyte 2006), Cape and Moorhead's report to the Legal Services Commission on drivers of demand (2005), the House of Commons Constitutional Affairs Select Committee (2007) and academic authors including socio-legal scholars (Moorhead 2004;Goriely 1998) and economists (Bevan, 1996;Gray et al 1999;Fenn et al 2007). My combination of social scientific and legal training enables me to apply concepts from economics and social policy to complex legal issues in a way which facilitates more robust and nuanced understanding of issues around demand, supply, quality and financial viability, which has been missing from these reviews of fragments of the system.In my PhD, I conceived the term 'advice drought' for areas where there appears to be adequate supply, but there is in fact a capacity crisis, arising in part because the Ministry of Justice and Legal Aid Agency have misunderstood demand and supply in this market. My PhD offers new models for understanding these concepts in context. At the same time, there is evidence that overall quality in the market is being driven down, creating a 'lemon market' (Akerlof 1970) which protects the market position of poor-quality providers and creates an explicit conflict between quality, financial viability and clients' access to advice. This application of the 'lemon market' metaphor to legal aid was another innovative element of my thesis and provides a clear explanation of the quality problems in legal aid, which the House of Commons Public Accounts Committee (2015) severely criticised the Legal Aid Agency for failing to understand.The fellowship will enable me to make the transition into a research career with a strong focus on influencing social policy, drawing together these skills. The first element of the fellowship will be working with a range of non-academic partners to enhance the impact of my research by disseminating the insights into the legal aid market through a 'horizontal', practice-focused network and using a Theory of Change approach to develop clear goals and pathways. This will mesh with the 'vertical' or policy-facing network which I am developing now through an advocacy project funded by Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust.The second element is building a publication track record to disseminate the findings of my thesis, build up my academic network and consolidate my developing academic profile. The third element is a self-contained complementary research project comparing the existing findings with the position in Scotland, which operates a different legal aid regime within the same asylum legal system. This will contribute important new insights to the existing findings and also provide a solid foundation for further research applicable across mainland Britain.Each of these elements will feed into the fourth:funding applications for research grants including the ESRC's New Investigator scheme in order to take forward both my academic research career and this vital, but under-researched, area of social and economic policy.

高质量的免费法律的咨询对于确保寻求庇护者得到他们所需要的保护至关重要;确保任何公共服务具有成本效益和适当的质量也符合公共利益。法律的援助从业人员和组织是能够满足这两种利益的唯一机制。我的博士研究问题是“庇护和移民法律的援助服务市场的供给方面发生了什么？”“我的博士后工作的核心项目是过渡到社会政策领域，利用我的研究的见解来影响政策和实践，并通过进一步的研究将其向前推进。许多评论得出结论，很难理解法律的援助工作的成本，法律的复杂性和质量之间的关系，包括卡特审查法律的援助（2006），《基本法律的援助审查》（2004年委托编写，但从未出版：见Flood和Whyte，2006年）、Cape和Moorhead向法律的服务委员会提交的关于需求驱动因素的报告（2005年）、下议院宪法事务特别委员会（2007年）和学术作者，包括社会法律的学者（Moorhead，2004年;Goriely，1998年）和经济学家（Bevan，1996年;Gray等人，1999年;Fenn等人，2007年）。我的社会科学和法律的训练相结合，使我能够将经济学和社会政策的概念应用于复杂的法律的问题，以促进对需求，供应，质量和财务可行性问题的更有力和细致的理解，这在这些对系统碎片的审查中一直缺失。在我的博士学位中，我构思了“建议干旱”一词，用于似乎有足够供应的领域，但事实上存在能力危机，部分原因是司法部和法律的援助机构误解了这一市场的供求关系。我的博士学位为理解这些概念提供了新的模型。与此同时，有证据表明，市场的整体质量正在下降，形成了一个“柠檬市场”（Akerlof 1970），保护了质量差的供应商的市场地位，并在质量、财务可行性和客户获得咨询之间造成了明显的冲突。将“柠檬市场”比喻应用于法律的援助是我论文的另一个创新元素，它清楚地解释了法律的援助的质量问题，下议院公共账户委员会（2015）严厉批评了法律的援助机构未能理解这一点。奖学金将使我能够过渡到一个研究生涯，重点关注影响社会政策，将这些技能结合起来。奖学金的第一个要素将与一系列非学术合作伙伴合作，通过“横向”，以实践为重点的网络传播对法律的援助市场的见解，并使用变革理论方法来制定明确的目标和途径，以提高我的研究的影响。这将与“垂直”或面向政策的网络相结合，我现在正在通过Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust资助的倡导项目发展。第二个要素是建立一个出版记录，以传播我论文的发现，建立我的学术网络，巩固我不断发展的学术形象。第三个要素是一个独立的补充研究项目，将现有的调查结果与苏格兰的情况进行比较，苏格兰在同一庇护法律的制度内实行不同的法律的援助制度。这将为现有的研究结果提供重要的新见解，并为适用于英国大陆的进一步研究提供坚实的基础。这些元素中的每一个都将融入第四个：资助研究赠款的申请，包括ESRC的新研究者计划，以推动我的学术研究生涯和这个重要但研究不足的社会和经济政策领域。