Towards Trajectories of Inclusion: Making infrastructure work for the most marginalised

迈向包容性轨迹：让基础设施为最边缘化群体服务

• 批准号: ES/T008067/1
• 负责人: Michael Collyer
• 金额: $ 232.12万
• 依托单位: University of Sussex
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT008067%2F1
• 关键词: Towards; Trajectories; Inclusion; Making; infrastructure

The bulk of global population growth until 2050 is projected to occur in cities in Africa and Asia. International agreements, such as UN Habitat's New Urban Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals seek to ensure that this growth in as inclusive as possible, yet cities are notoriously unequal places. Our previous GCRF-funded research ('The Unknown City') highlighted the overwhelming significance of securing housing tenure for the most marginal urban residents. The possibility of eviction hangs heavily over everyday life and wellbeing for the urban poor. This project builds on that work. Security of tenure both shapes and is shaped by state decisions to extend infrastructure to 'off grid' settlements. Extending infrastructure can be part of legalising trajectories towards housing security, but can also reverse such trajectories for some by producing new exclusions. This project seeks to bring greater clarity to this complexity and identify ways in which infrastructure for the most marginalised can initiate 'trajectories of inclusion'. The project is designed as action research in which the ultimate goal is a supported intervention in marginalised urban neighbourhood with the aim of implementing findings around these trajectories of inclusion for poor urban residents. The effects of this intervention will be carefully evaluated during the project and the results will be widely communicated. Research builds on the Unknown City project, working in the same cities with the same partners with whom successful collaborations are now well established. The project will focus on two sites from that project in each city in order to develop longer term data sets but it introduces four new neighbourhoods in each country and develops very different approaches, including the central objective of the intervention. Research will be conducted in three countries: Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe and the independent but unrecognised northern region of Somalia, Somaliland. These four countries have extremely dynamic by highly contrasting urban environments. Most research will be conducted in the capital cities, respectively, Dhaka, Colombo, Harare and Hargeisa. All four cities are expanding rapidly and are the subject of major urban redevelopment programmes. The project involves core partner academic organisations in each city engaged in research and evaluation of these redevelopment programmes. In addition to two neighbourhoods involved in previous research, research will expand to two additional contrasting neighbourhoods in the capital and two further neighbourhoods in a secondary city in order to highlight if the capitals are unusual in their planning approaches. This selection of six neighbourhoods in each of these four countries are the location for the first stage of research. A variety of techniques including focus group discussions, a large survey and in-depth interviews will be employed to map access to five key infrastructure grids - water, sanitation, energy, transport and communications. This will form a detailed picture of patterns of differential access to these services and the wide variation between 'off-grid' and 'on-grid'. The second stage of research will move beyond these neighbourhoods to follow the grids. In each country, two of these infrastructures will be identified and an approach known as 'Systems of Provision' will map the grid, identifying key individuals responsible for delivery of each service. This will explain the differential patterns of access identified in the first stage of research. These two research stages will lead to and inform the final stage of the supported intervention to enhance accesswhich will be carried out in conjunction with grassroots organisations in each city. The project will engage with local government, NGOs and infrastructure companies throughout with the aim of demonstrating the potential of these interventions and communicate the need to focus on trajectories of inclusion.

预计到2050年，全球人口增长的大部分将发生在非洲和亚洲的城市。联合国人居署的《新城市议程》和《可持续发展目标》等国际协议试图确保这种增长尽可能具有包容性，但城市的不平等是出了名的。我们之前由GCRF资助的研究(《未知的城市》)强调了为最边缘的城市居民确保住房保有权的压倒性意义。被驱逐的可能性严重影响着城市穷人的日常生活和福祉。这个项目建立在这项工作的基础上。租赁权的保障既塑造了国家将基础设施扩展到“离网”住区的决定，也受到了国家决策的影响。扩展基础设施可能是住房保障合法化轨迹的一部分，但对一些人来说，也可以通过产生新的排除条件来逆转这种轨迹。该项目旨在使这一复杂性变得更加清晰，并确定面向最边缘化人群的基础设施如何启动“包容的轨迹”。该项目旨在作为行动研究，其最终目标是支持对被边缘化的城市社区进行干预，目的是围绕城市贫困居民融入社会的这些轨迹实施调查结果。在项目期间，将仔细评估这一干预措施的效果，并将广泛传达结果。研究建立在未知城市项目的基础上，与相同的合作伙伴在相同的城市工作，这些合作伙伴现在已经建立了良好的合作关系。该项目将重点放在每个城市该项目的两个地点，以开发更长期的数据集，但它在每个国家引入了四个新的社区，并制定了截然不同的方法，包括干预的核心目标。研究将在三个国家进行：孟加拉国、斯里兰卡和津巴布韦，以及独立但未被承认的索马里北部地区索马里兰。这四个国家的城市环境反差很大，极具活力。大多数研究将分别在首都达卡、科伦坡、哈拉雷和哈尔格萨进行。这四个城市都在迅速扩张，都是主要的市区重建计划的对象。该项目涉及每个城市的核心合作伙伴学术组织，从事这些重建计划的研究和评估。除了之前研究中涉及的两个社区外，研究还将扩展到首都另外两个对比鲜明的社区和一个二级城市的另外两个社区，以突出首都在规划方法上是否不寻常。在这四个国家中每一个国家选择六个社区作为第一阶段研究的地点。将采用各种技术，包括焦点小组讨论、大型调查和深入访谈，绘制五个关键基础设施网格--水、卫生、能源、交通和通信--的接入情况。这将形成对这些服务的不同访问模式的详细图景，以及“离网”和“在网”之间的广泛差异。第二阶段的研究将超越这些社区，沿着网格进行。在每个国家，将确定这些基础设施中的两个，并将采用一种名为“供应系统”的方法绘制电网图，确定负责提供每项服务的关键人员。这将解释在第一阶段研究中确定的不同访问模式。这两个研究阶段将导致并通报支持的干预措施的最后阶段，以加强准入，该干预措施将与每个城市的基层组织联合开展。该项目将在整个过程中与地方政府、非政府组织和基础设施公司接触，目的是展示这些干预措施的潜力，并传达关注包容轨迹的必要性。

项目成果

Field visit to Sarnia Estate in Badulla, Sri Lanka

实地考察斯里兰卡巴杜拉萨尼亚庄园

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Bagree S

Disruption to livelihoods: Living with major power outages in Sri Lanka

生计中断：斯里兰卡遭遇严重停电

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Azam A

Fuel crisis: A double burden for low-income residents in Colombo, Sri Lanka

燃料危机：斯里兰卡科伦坡低收入居民的双重负担

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Alikhan M M

University of Sussex secures £4.3 million for action research on displacement and infrastructure

萨塞克斯大学获得 430 万英镑用于流离失所和基础设施行动研究

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Bagree S

People as infrastructure: The politicization of garbage management in Hargeisa

人作为基础设施：哈尔格萨垃圾管理的政治化

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Ali N M