Supporting the social mobility of trapped populations in very poor urban areas

支持城市贫困地区被困人口的社会流动

• 批准号: ES/N01474X/1
• 负责人: Michael Collyer
• 金额: $ 54.87万
• 依托单位: University of Sussex
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FN01474X%2F1
• 关键词: Supporting; social; mobility; trapped; populations

Urbanisation is the defining feature of global population distribution. Until at least 2050, city growth will be concentrated in developing countries and most of that growth will come from migration from rural areas. Many poor, rural migrants will end up in the poorest neighbourhoods of these cities. These population movements have always been important pathways into poverty, but this is exacerbated by the increasingly rapid pace of urbanisation and by important new contexts such as the vulnerability of urban centres to climate change. A recent UK Government Office of Science report highlighted the potential for migrants to be 'trapped' in these impoverished environments since their extreme poverty means that they unable to return to the areas they have come from or move elsewhere in the city. In contrast, other recent research suggests that urban areas provide valuable opportunities for migrants which are typically preferable to the rural poverty many of them have left behind. This project investigates when migration from rural to urban areas becomes a pathway into poverty and how policy can support rural-urban migrants to access urban opportunities and escape from poverty. There are three central questions. First, research considers under what circumstances rural-urban migration presents an opportunity for poor people and what factors contribute to them becoming 'trapped'. Second, the project investigates the relationship between physical and socio-economic mobility. This will consider both mobility within the city and ongoing connections with migrants' rural households. It focuses particularly on migrants' own perspectives of what they consider to be successful integration in the city. Finally, the project assesses the attitudes of city government and other significant actors, such as community organisations, police, NGOs and international organisations. This will focus on ways in which these institutions facilitate or prevent new migrants integrating into city life. In order to respond to these three questions, the project draws on a series of innovative methods to capture migrants' own attitudes to their migration, combining in-depth, individual interviews and broad surveys. The limited recent research on these issues has tended to focus on a single urban area at a single time period. This project contributes to this recent research with a comparative, longitudinal approach. The project investigates the success of migrants to four cities in four different countries: Harare (Zimbabwe), Hargeisa (Somaliland), Dhaka (Bangladesh) and Colombo (Sri Lanka) at two time points one year apart, in addition to interviews during the course of the year. These four cities allow investigation of the same processes in very different contexts, yet there are sufficient similarities to make comparison worthwhile. All four cities face significant ongoing rural-urban migration, both political conflict and climate change have been important factors encouraging this migration and all four face rapid urban development as a result. This project is conducted in close collaboration with research centres in all four cities. It has also developed in partnership with the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) associated with the Migrants on the Margins research programme. The RGS-IBG will provide additional support for the programme through educational outreach and communications expertise. The project will have three main impacts. First, it will generate new knowledge about how rural-urban migration can help to provide a route out of poverty. Second, it will communicate the results of this research to a variety of audiences who will be able to use it to inform new policy interventions. Finally, it will help to build capacity to conduct similar research in the future with international collaborators and community organisations in the research neighbourhoods.

城市化是全球人口分布的决定性特征。至少在2050年之前，城市增长将集中在发展中国家，其中大部分增长将来自农村地区的移民。许多贫穷的农村移民将最终来到这些城市最贫穷的社区。这些人口流动一直是进入贫困的重要途径，但城市化步伐日益加快以及城市中心易受气候变化影响等新的重要环境加剧了这一点。英国政府科学办公室最近的一份报告强调了移民被困在这些贫困环境中的可能性，因为他们的极端贫困意味着他们无法返回他们来自的地区，也无法搬到城市的其他地方。相比之下，最近的其他研究表明，城市地区为流动人口提供了宝贵的机会，这通常比他们中的许多人留下的农村贫困更可取。该项目调查从农村到城市的移徙何时成为致贫途径，以及政策如何支持农村-城市移徙者获得城市机会和摆脱贫困。有三个核心问题。首先，研究考虑了在什么情况下农村向城市的迁移为穷人提供了机会，以及哪些因素导致他们陷入困境。第二，该项目调查了物质流动和社会经济流动之间的关系。这将既考虑城市内的流动性，也考虑与流动人口农村家庭的持续联系。它特别关注移民自己对他们认为成功融入城市的看法。最后，该项目评估了市政府和其他重要行为者的态度，如社区组织、警察、非政府组织和国际组织。这将侧重于这些机构如何促进或防止新的移民融入城市生活。为了回答这三个问题，该项目采用了一系列创新方法，结合深入调查、个别访谈和广泛调查，记录移徙者对其移徙的态度。最近对这些问题的有限研究往往集中在单一时间段的单一城市地区。该项目以比较的、纵向的方法对最近的研究做出了贡献。该项目调查了移民前往四个不同国家的四个城市的成功情况，这四个国家分别是：哈拉雷(津巴布韦)、哈尔格萨(索马里兰)、达卡(孟加拉国)和科伦坡(斯里兰卡)。这四个城市允许在非常不同的背景下调查相同的过程，但有足够的相似性使比较值得一做。这四个城市都面临着从农村向城市的大规模持续迁移，政治冲突和气候变化都是鼓励这种迁移的重要因素，因此所有四个城市都面临着快速的城市发展。该项目是与所有四个城市的研究中心密切合作进行的。它还与与边缘移民有关的皇家地理学会(与英国地理学家学会)合作制定了研究方案。RGS-IBG将通过教育宣传和传播专门知识为该方案提供更多支助。该项目将产生三个主要影响。首先，它将产生关于农村向城市的移民如何帮助提供一条摆脱贫困的途径的新知识。其次，它将把这项研究的结果传达给各种受众，这些受众将能够利用它来为新的政策干预提供信息。最后，它将有助于建设未来与研究社区的国际合作者和社区组织进行类似研究的能力。

项目成果

Geographies of Urban Dominance: The Politics of Harare's Periphery

城市主导地位的地理：哈拉雷周边地区的政治

• DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3739996
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: SSRN Electronic Journal
• 作者: Mcgregor J

Partisan citizenship and its discontents: precarious possession and political agency on Harare City's expanding margins

党派公民身份及其不满：哈拉雷市不断扩大的利润中不稳定的占有和政治机构

• DOI: 10.1080/13621025.2019.1691151
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Citizenship Studies
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: McGregor J

Migrants on the margins final report

边缘移民最终报告

• DOI: 10.55203/jtld8758
• 作者: Collyer M

The advantages of migration to Dhaka

移民到达卡的优势

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Collyer M