Gridding Equitable Urban Futures in Areas of Transition (GREAT) in Cali, Colombia and Havana, Cuba

在拉丁美洲和加勒比大多数国家，解决基础设施差距的举措的成败与该地区的趋势密切相关，该地区每三个家庭中就有一个受到贫困影响，57%的工作人口都处于非正规状态（联合国人居署2016年，55）。非正式性本身就是一种挑战，因为当局不愿意投资那些由于不被承认为合法而陷入空白的领域，既不能吸引公共投资，也不能鼓励企业家或合作社寻求当地的相关解决办法。哥伦比亚和古巴之间的对比提供了一个独特的机会，可以了解过渡地区- -前者是向和平过渡，后者是向新宪法过渡- -对非正式形式构成的额外挑战，并将有助于制定各种办法，通过这些办法可以更有效地应付这些挑战。在完善的合作伙伴关系和从rcuk资助的几个项目中学习的基础上，GREAT将在哥伦比亚卡利和古巴哈瓦那的两个非正式离网定居点产生真正的变化。该项目以社区主导的交通和废物管理项目为重点，将通过城市政策、交通和废物创新三个主题公共实验室，为公平的城市未来“网格化”做出贡献。这些项目将结合几个现场活动、参与性研讨会、种子资助项目、能力培训，并与当地政策和规划部门以及慈善组织合作。该项目汇集了环境科学家、交通和地理信息工程师、设计师、城市规划师、企业家和社会学家的专业知识，将通过将这些定居点居民的声音纳入正在进行的倡议中，例如Cali市长办公室提出的“包容和机会领土”倡议，以及2003年批准的“2035年哈瓦那交通愿景”，来解决关键的可持续发展目标（5,6,9,10,11和16）。由Dirección哈瓦那运输总局（哈瓦那运输总局）领导。这两个机构都是项目合作伙伴。在此过程中，我们试图回答两个主要问题：在转型地区，并网和离网以何种方式提供了重新思考人与城市基础设施之间关系的机会？卡利和哈瓦那目前的离网政策和倡议在多大程度上有助于剥夺非正式住区居民的选举权或赋予他们权力？如果获得资助，该项目将改变我们对转型地区城市基础设施与非正式住区增长和变化动态之间关系的理解，并提供独特的学习点，帮助解决哥伦比亚和古巴以及整个拉丁美洲和加勒比地区非正式住区居民改善生计所面临的重要障碍。

The success and failure of initiatives tackling the infrastructural gap in most countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are closely related to trends across a region where poverty affects one in every three households and informality is the norm for 57 per cent of the working population (UN-Habitat 2016, 55). Informality itself constitutes a challenge as seen in the reluctance of authorities to invest in areas which, by virtue of not being recognised as legal, fall into a void which neither attracts public investment nor does it encourage entrepreneurs or cooperatives to seek localised relevant solutions. The contrast between Colombia and Cuba provides a unique opportunity to understand the additional challenges that areas in transition - to peace, in the former, and to a new constitution, in the latter - pose to informality and will contribute to developing the kinds of approaches through which these challenges can be addressed more effectively.Building on well-developed partnerships and the learning of several RCUK-funded projects, GREAT will generate real change in two informal off-grid settlements in Cali (Colombia) and Havana (Cuba). Focusing on transport and waste-management community-led projects, the project will contribute to 'gridding' equitable urban futures through a series of three thematic PublicLabs on urban policy, mobility, and waste innovation. These will combine several in-site activities, participatory workshops, seed-funded projects, capacity training, and work with local policy and planning authorities as well as charitable organisations. Joining the expertise of environmental scientists, transport and geomatics engineers, designers, urban planners, entrepreneurs and sociologists, the project will address key SDGs (5, 6, 9, 10, 11 and 16), by embedding the voice of residents of these settlements into ongoing initiatives such as the Territories of Inclusion and Opportunities, an initiative of the Cali Mayor's Office, and the vision of transport in Havana in 2035, approved in 2003, and led by the Dirección General de Transporte Provincial La Habana (General Directorate of Transport Havana). Both institutions are project partners. In doing so, we seek to answer two main questions: In what ways does being on- and off-grid provide an opportunity to rethink the relationship between people and urban infrastructure in areas of transition? To what extent do current off-grid policies and initiatives in Cali and Havana contribute to the disenfranchisement or empowerment of residents in informal settlements? If funded, the project will transform our understanding of the relationship between urban infrastructure and the dynamics of growth and change of informal settlements in areas of transition and provide unique learning points to help address important barriers residents of informal settlements face to improve their livelihoods, in Colombia and Cuba, and across Latin America and the Caribbean.