Using NGO data to understand marginalization, stigma and empowerment: the case of USHA multi-purpose cooperative in Kolkata

利用非政府组织数据了解边缘化、耻辱和赋权：加尔各答 USHA 多功能合作社的案例

• 批准号: ES/T010576/1
• 负责人: Sayantan Ghosal
• 金额: $ 20.6万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT010576%2F1
• 关键词: Using; NGO; data; understand; marginalization

The project will contribute, both conceptually and empirically, to understanding the link between poverty, marginalisation and stigma on the one hand, and economic and health outcomes, on the other. There are two prongs to the project.First, working in collaboration with USHA Multipurpose Cooperative, it will construct a unique panel data set of 10,000+ sex workers in Kolkata, India by merging three existing data sets containing, respectively, financial information (savings accounts, loans obtained and repayment history of individual sex workers), health related data in 9 intervention sites in Kolkata alone (health seeking behaviour, regular check-ups, condom use, findings of the clinical examination and treatment received, lab investigations data on HIV and sexually transmitted diseases), (iii) contextual data collected through Self-regulatory Board [SRB] for all new entrants in sex work (including age [determined by Radiological examination], report of clinical examination, socio economic status, family background, reasons for choosing sex work and any underlying coercion forcing the entrant to choose sex work etc) and exposure to training provided by USHA. This novel data set will be used to examine how financial and health behaviour correlate with each other, how initial conditions (age, variations initial socio-economic status, family back ground, exposure to coercion) matters for the financial and health outcomes of sex workers over time. It will also enable an examination of the of how the contracts used by sex workers impact on their welfare. Being poor or marginalized often brings with it considerable stigma, which can greatly distort a person's self-image, resulting in a 'spoiled identity' (Goffman, 1963). As this author notes in his classic work on stigma, "[t]hose who have dealings with [the stigmatized individual] fail to accord him respect and regard ...; he echoes this denial by finding that some of his own attributes warrant it". In a randomized control trial (Ghosal et. al. 2019), the impact of a psychological intervention, "dreambuilding", pioneered by Durbar (the sex worker's collective which set up USHA) was evaluated. It was found that exposure to dream building resulted in significant improvements in participants' self-image, as well as their savings and preventive health choices. Additionally, changes in savings and health behaviour persist up to 15 and 21 months later respectively. In work partially funded by a IAA GCRF NGO DATA AWARD (ES/S501323/1), a data set for a sample for a sample of 600 women (300 of whom had been exposed to some form of dream building and 300 who hadn't) USHA systematically gathered existing records, going back to the past three years (after the initial fieldwork), of women belonging to the community of sex workers in Kolkata and elsewhere in West Bengal with a focus qualitative and quantitative evidence relating to outcomes by linking their existing data sets (the number of women exposed to dream building workshops, impact on psychological outcomes, what the women have done subsequently in terms of savings, housing, educational choices for their children, participation in various collective activities etc). The second prong of the project will, via novel quantitative modelling, merge and (re)analyse these two sets, together with the novel panel data set, to quantify the effects of exposure to dreambuilding on the welfare of sex workers over time

该项目将在概念上和经验上有助于理解贫穷、边缘化和污名与经济和健康结果之间的联系。这个项目有两个方面。首先，它将与USHA多用途合作社合作，通过合并三个现有数据集，构建印度加尔各答1万多名性工作者的独特小组数据集，这些数据集分别包含财务信息（储蓄账户、获得的贷款和个别性工作者的还款历史）、仅加尔各答9个干预点的健康相关数据（求医行为、定期检查、避孕套使用、临床检查结果和接受的治疗），（iii）通过自我监管委员会（SRB）收集的所有性工作新进入者的背景数据（包括年龄[由放射检查确定]、临床检查报告、社会经济地位、家庭背景、选择性工作的原因以及强迫进入者选择性工作的任何潜在胁迫等）以及接受USHA提供的培训的情况。这一新颖的数据集将用于检查财务和健康行为如何相互关联，初始条件（年龄、变化、初始社会经济地位、家庭背景、遭受胁迫）如何随着时间的推移对性工作者的财务和健康结果产生影响。它还将能够审查性工作者所使用的合同如何影响他们的福利。贫穷或被边缘化往往会带来相当大的耻辱，这可能会极大地扭曲一个人的自我形象，导致“被宠坏的身份”（戈夫曼，1963）。正如这位作者在他关于耻辱的经典著作中所指出的那样，“那些与[被耻辱的人]打交道的人没有给予他尊重和尊重……；他通过发现他自己的一些特质证明了这一点，回应了这种否认。”在一项随机对照试验（Ghosal et al. 2019）中，对Durbar（建立USHA的性工作者集体）首创的心理干预“筑梦”的影响进行了评估。研究发现，参与构建梦想的活动显著改善了参与者的自我形象，以及他们的储蓄和预防性健康选择。此外，储蓄和健康行为的变化分别持续到15个月和21个月之后。在由IAA GCRF非政府组织数据奖（ES/S501323/1）部分资助的工作中，USHA系统地收集了过去三年（在最初的实地调查之后）已有的记录，收集了600名女性样本的样本数据集（其中300人曾接触过某种形式的梦想建筑，300人没有）。对加尔各答和西孟加拉邦其他地方的性工作者社区的妇女进行调查，重点关注与结果有关的定性和定量证据，将其现有数据集联系起来（参加筑梦讲习班的妇女人数、对心理结果的影响、妇女随后在储蓄、住房、子女的教育选择、参加各种集体活动等方面所做的事情）。该项目的第二部分将通过新颖的定量建模，合并并（重新）分析这两组数据，以及新颖的面板数据集，以量化长期接触造梦对性工作者福利的影响

项目成果

Sex Workers, Stigma, and Self-Image: Evidence from Kolkata Brothels

性工作者、耻辱和自我形象：来自加尔各答妓院的证据

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Review of Economics and Statistics
• 影响因子: 8
• 作者: S. Ghosal;S. Jana;A. Mani;Sandip Mitra;Sanchari Roy
• 通讯作者: Sanchari Roy