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Democracy in the UK after Brexit

英国脱欧后的民主

基本信息

批准号：
ES/V00462X/1
负责人：
Alan Renwick
金额：
$ 75.88万
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FV00462X%2F1
关键词：
Democracy UK after Brexit

项目摘要

Public confidence in a country's core constitutional arrangements is a basic requisite of democratic success. The debates over Brexit tested that bond severely in the UK. Careful, detailed research is now needed to establish what changes would help restore it. The proposed project will provide that research.In the years since the 2016 referendum, both supporters and opponents of Brexit have alleged at different times that a 'constitutional coup' has been underway - with judges, ministers or parliamentarians (depending on the accuser's perspective) said to be overreaching their proper powers. These debates raised fundamental questions not just about institutions, but also about the culture of politics and our basic conceptions of democracy. At the 2019 general election, all of the major parties' manifestos called for some kind of constitutional review. The Conservative manifesto (p. 48) promised a 'Constitution, Democracy and Rights Commission' to examine 'the relationship between the Government, Parliament and the courts'. Since the election, the pandemic has raised further questions, regarding oversight of the government's extensive emergency powers, the proper roles of experts, parliament, and the media, and the protection of civil liberties. It has thus heightened the need to understand public attitudes to the fundamentals of our democracy, and to ensure that citizens' views are heard. This project will inform debates and decisions about post-Brexit governance, through rigorous, independent research into public attitudes, based on a unique mix of three elements. First, a conventional survey will examine public opinion across the UK on democratic principles, institutions, and practices. It will show how attitudes vary across society and gauge how views regarding different constitutional issues are related to each other. Second, a citizens' assembly will explore what people think on these matters when they have been able to learn about them in depth, discuss them, and think through their own priorities. Citizens' assemblies are increasingly seen by policymakers and others as vital means of fostering more thoughtful consideration of key policy questions, and the project will both enable that and gather evidence on how it works. Third, a further survey of the UK population will assess how people respond to the citizens' assembly and the assembly's conclusions, using a series of experiments to assess which parts of the assembly's output are most convincing to the broader public. The combination of these three elements will enable the project leaders to gauge the degree of disagreement between baseline and deliberated attitudes, and examine how far such differences might be overcome.The evidence and analysis generated through the project will inform debates and high-level policymaking processes relating to democratic reform. It will provide the richest source of information ever collected on UK public attitudes to democracy, allowing in-depth analysis by demographic group, and exploring trade-offs between different options. It will also link attitudes to democratic principles, political culture and options for institutional design - particularly with respect to the balance of power between government, parliament and the courts.Working in close collaboration with other members of the UK in a Changing Europe team, the project leaders will engage closely with policymakers across the political spectrum throughout the development and implementation of the project to maximise the relevance and impact of the findings. The project's webpages will become a key resource for public discussion on these matters: they will include survey results, assembly briefing papers and presentations, reports, videos, and blogposts. The project will thus advance informed discussion of issues of vital importance to the future health of the democratic system.

公众对国家核心宪法安排的信心是民主成功的基本前提。关于英国脱欧的争论严重考验了英国的这种纽带。现在需要仔细、详细的研究来确定哪些改变有助于恢复它。拟议的项目将提供这项研究。自 2016 年公投以来的几年里，英国退欧的支持者和反对者都在不同时期声称，一场“宪法政变”正在发生——法官、部长或议员（取决于原告的观点）据说超出了其应有的权力。这些辩论不仅提出了关于制度的根本问题，还提出了关于政治文化和我们民主的基本概念的根本问题。在 2019 年大选中，所有主要政党的宣言都呼吁进行某种形式的宪法审查。保守党宣言（第48页）承诺成立“宪法、民主和权利委员会”来审查“政府、议会和法院之间的关系”。自选举以来，这一流行病引发了更多问题，包括对政府广泛的紧急权力的监督、专家、议会和媒体的适当作用以及对公民自由的保护。因此，更加需要了解公众对民主基本原则的态度，并确保公民的意见得到倾听。该项目将基于三个要素的独特组合，通过对公众态度进行严格、独立的研究，为有关英国脱欧后治理的辩论和决策提供信息。首先，传统调查将考察英国各地对民主原则、制度和实践的公众舆论。它将显示整个社会的态度如何变化，并衡量对不同宪法问题的观点如何相互关联。其次，当人们能够深入了解、讨论并思考自己的优先事项时，公民大会将探讨人们对这些问题的看法。政策制定者和其他人越来越多地将公民集会视为促进对关键政策问题进行更深思熟虑的重要手段，该项目将实现这一点并收集其运作方式的证据。第三，对英国人口的进一步调查将评估人们对公民大会和大会结论的反应，通过一系列实验来评估大会成果的哪些部分对更广泛的公众最有说服力。这三个要素的结合将使项目负责人能够衡量基线态度和深思熟虑的态度之间的分歧程度，并研究可以在多大程度上克服这些差异。通过该项目产生的证据和分析将为与民主改革有关的辩论和高层决策过程提供信息。它将提供有史以来收集到的有关英国公众对民主态度的最丰富的信息来源，允许按人口群体进行深入分析，并探索不同选择之间的权衡。它还将把态度与民主原则、政治文化和制度设计的选择联系起来——特别是在政府、议会和法院之间的权力平衡方面。项目领导人将与“变革欧洲”团队中的英国其他成员密切合作，在整个项目的开发和实施过程中与各个政治派别的政策制定者密切合作，以最大限度地发挥研究结果的相关性和影响力。该项目的网页将成为公众讨论这些问题的关键资源：它们将包括调查结果、大会简报和演示文稿、报告、视频和博客文章。因此，该项目将推动对民主制度未来健康至关重要的问题进行知情讨论。