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Mass decarceration: A critical social history

大规模监禁：一段重要的社会历史

基本信息

批准号：
ES/V007165/1
负责人：
Louise Brangan
金额：
$ 30.2万
依托单位：
University of Strathclyde
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FV007165%2F1
关键词：
Mass decarceration critical social history

项目摘要

Why do societies punish as they do? And why do these systems of punishment change, sometimes dramatically? This study explores these theoretical and historical questions by pursuing an original perspective, examining the mass decarceration of women in the Republic of Ireland between 1970-1998. In 1950s Ireland, Magdalene Laundries and Mother and Baby Homes were part of a penal system that held over 1% of the Irish population, a staggering rate that outstrips even such outliers as Stalinist Russia and the current rate of mass incarceration in the United States (O'Sullivan and O'Donnell 2007). Based on the 1951 census data, for every 100,000 men in Ireland 37 were in prison, while for every 100,000 women 193 were contained at a Laundry or Home. This research will study these sites between 1970-1998. This is because the numbers of women in these institutions began to wane dramatically from the 1970s, with the last site closing in 1998. The history of the decline of these institutions has not yet been fully explored. While this is historical research, and more than 20 years has passed since the last site closed, this issue has returned to the political agenda, highlighting not only why we need this research, but why we need it now. This is therefore not an issue of historical injustice from a bygone era, but a serious social matter that belongs to our present.How do we explain Ireland's carceral system in the last decades of the twentieth century, both its existence and demise? Current explanations favour top-down theories, stressing the end of Catholic control and economic changes (O'Donnell and O'Sullivan 2012; Inglis 1998). But questions remain. How did these structural transformations effect actual change in Ireland's penal system? Posed this way, this is a question of cultural and social history: how were these institutions experienced? How were they understood and justified? And how did deeply held views on deviance and the legitimacy of punishment alter between 1970-1998? What is missing are the accounts of people who experienced these institutions. The study will present an in-depth social history of punishment and mass decarceration in the Republic of Ireland by recovering the forgotten voices of those who experienced Laundries and Homes, both as inmates and staff. The project findings will also contribute broader theoretical knowledge to understanding the relationship between cultural change and penal transformation, an area which is under-developed in the sociology of punishment.Despite a growing acknowledgment of Ireland's punitive past, the accounts of those who experienced this confinement have been minimised and even censored. Currently, the Irish government is seeking to make any files that pertain to Mother and Baby Homes and Magdalene Laundries' redress boards inaccessible for 75 years (ostensibly to protect anonymity). A history of the kind proposed here is therefore also important and timely and has wide contemporary relevance. By shining a light on Ireland's penal landscape, this study is also contributing to the politics of remembering.The research has four stages. During stage one an interdisciplinary literature review will be developed to map the economic trends, cultural currents and social landscape from 1970-1998. The historical research begins in stage two. This will involve archival research and oral history interviews with people who experienced Mother and Baby Homes and Magdalene Laundries from the 1970s. During stage three a cultural sociology framework will be used to analyse the archival and interview data, providing the first grounded analysis of Ireland's expediated mass decarceration. Stage three runs almost concurrently with stage four. Working with willing participants, artists and producers, this project will provide a platform for forgotten voices, and contribute to the public and political conversation about Ireland's history of injustice by producing theatre and radio shows.

为什么社会要这样惩罚人？为什么这些惩罚系统会发生变化，有时是戏剧性的？本研究探讨了这些理论和历史问题，追求一个原始的角度来看，检查在1970年至1998年之间的爱尔兰共和国的妇女大规模decarceration。在20世纪50年代的爱尔兰，抹大拉洗衣店和母婴之家是一个刑罚系统的一部分，拥有超过1%的爱尔兰人口，这一惊人的速度甚至超过了斯大林主义的俄罗斯和美国目前的大规模监禁率（O 'Sullivan和奥唐纳，2007）。根据1951年的人口普查数据，在爱尔兰，每10万名男性中有37人被关在监狱里，而每10万名女性中有193人被关在洗衣房或家庭里。这项研究将研究1970年至1998年之间的这些网站。这是因为从1970年代起，这些机构中的妇女人数开始急剧减少，最后一个地点于1998年关闭。这些机构衰落的历史尚未得到充分探讨。虽然这是历史研究，而且距离最后一个网站关闭已经过去了20多年，但这个问题已经回到了政治议程，不仅突出了我们为什么需要这项研究，而且突出了我们为什么现在需要它。因此，这不是一个过去时代的历史不公正问题，而是一个属于我们现在的严重社会问题。我们如何解释爱尔兰的监狱制度在二十世纪的最后几十年，无论是它的存在还是消亡？目前的解释倾向于自上而下的理论，强调天主教控制和经济变革的结束（奥唐纳和奥沙利文2012;英格利斯1998）。但问题依然存在。这些结构性转变如何影响爱尔兰刑罚系统的实际变化？从这个角度来看，这是一个文化和社会历史问题：这些制度是如何经历的？他们是如何理解和证明的？在1970-1998年间，人们对越轨行为和惩罚的合法性的根深蒂固的看法是如何改变的？缺少的是经历过这些机构的人的叙述。这项研究将通过恢复那些经历过洗衣店和家庭的人被遗忘的声音，作为囚犯和工作人员，在爱尔兰共和国提出了一个深入的惩罚和大规模解除监禁的社会历史。该项目的研究结果也将有助于更广泛的理论知识，以了解文化变革和刑罚转型之间的关系，这是在惩罚社会学欠发达的领域。尽管越来越多的人承认爱尔兰的惩罚过去，那些谁经历了这种监禁的帐户已被最小化，甚至审查。目前，爱尔兰政府正在寻求使任何文件，有关母亲和婴儿之家和抹大拉洗衣店的补救委员会无法访问75年（表面上是为了保护匿名）。因此，这里提出的这类历史也是重要和及时的，具有广泛的当代意义。通过对爱尔兰刑事景观的揭示，这项研究也有助于记忆政治。在第一阶段，将编写一份跨学科文献审查报告，以描绘1970-1998年的经济趋势、文化潮流和社会面貌。历史研究开始于第二阶段。这将涉及档案研究和口述历史采访的人谁经历了母亲和婴儿之家和抹大拉洗衣店从20世纪70年代。在第三阶段，文化社会学框架将被用来分析档案和访谈数据，提供第一个接地分析爱尔兰的加速大规模decarceration。第三阶段几乎与第四阶段同时进行。该项目将与愿意参与的参与者、艺术家和制片人合作，为被遗忘的声音提供一个平台，并通过制作戏剧和广播节目，为公众和政治关于爱尔兰不公正历史的对话做出贡献。