Risks, Needs and Discrimination: Examining the Fairness of Assessment and Planning Frameworks for Youth Justice Interventions

风险、需求和歧视：审查青少年司法干预评估和规划框架的公平性

• 批准号: ES/V011766/1
• 负责人: Jasmina Arnez
• 金额: $ 12.27万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FV011766%2F1
• 关键词: Risks; Needs; Discrimination; Examining; Fairness

The Fellowship aims to contribute to the developing literature on the intersections between youth deviance, parenting and institutional discrimination. Understandings of youth crime as triggered by individual and familial risk factors have anchored themselves in criminological theory and the UK's youth justice practice (Farrington 2003). However, research has exposed the selection effects of institutions that propel young people into the system not only based on the seriousness of their challenging behaviour, but also according to their family's reputation and their social disadvantage (McAra and McVie 2007). As such effects have remained largely unexplored, my doctoral research examined whether practitioners within youth justice, the police, education, early intervention, mental health and the voluntary sector treat young people in trouble with the law and their parents differently according to the family's social status, as well as the impacts of institutional working practices on these processes. I found that interventions with young offenders focus on managing their risks and vulnerabilities, but this kind of treatment might be leading clients of different socioeconomic backgrounds on diverse pathways. During the proposed Fellowship, I will, firstly, develop my doctoral thesis into a monograph, my postdoctoral papers into journal articles, and attend international conferences to disseminate my research findings to fellow academics. To maximise the impact of my doctoral research, I will return to the institutions that participated in my study and present my results to them in the form of a report. I will raise awareness about my findings to the general public by sharing my work on academic platforms, the project's social media account and website. To encourage knowledge exchange, I will organise a one-day symposium that will bring together academics, policy-makers and practitioners within youth justice. In the course of the Fellowship, I will, secondly, advance my teaching and research-related skills. Within Oxford's Law Faculty, I will contribute seminars in the subjects of Youth Justice, Crime and the Family, Qualitative Methods as well as Criminology and Criminal Justice. I will share my findings with early career researchers and senior academics in the fields of criminology, law and socio-legal studies by partaking in workshops and seminar series offered by the Law Faculty. I will also collaborate with researchers from other fields (education, psychiatry, internet studies) as part of the Excluded Lives Project that is examining the practices of school exclusion and the trajectories of children post-exclusion across the UK from a multidisciplinary perspective.Thirdly, I will carry out further limited research based on my doctorate. In my postdoctoral study, I will examine whether, how and why assessing young people's risks and needs when designing youth justice interventions can play out discriminatorily. I will explore the different aspects of discrimination (e.g. according to social class, race, ethnicity, gender, disability) and how they intersect when practitioners employ risk assessment tools. I will conduct my research within one Youth Offending Team (YOT) in Oxfordshire. I have chosen this research site as YOTs provide services to children who offend or are 'at risk' of offending. Furthermore, the daily practices within YOTs are informed by standardised risk assessment guidelines that professionals are required to use. Lastly, I will develop future grant applications with the help of fellow postdoctoral researchers, senior academics, and the Law Faculty's Research Support and Administration Team. I aim to pursue an ESCR New Investigator Grant, a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellowship or a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship to examine how specific political, legal and socio-cultural contexts impact upon the fairness of risk assessment within youth justice in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

该研究金旨在促进关于青少年越轨行为、养育子女和机构歧视之间的交叉问题的发展文献。对由个人和家庭危险因素引发的青少年犯罪的理解植根于犯罪学理论和英国的青少年司法实践(Farrington，2003)。然而，研究表明，推动年轻人进入这一制度的机构的选择效果不仅基于他们具有挑战性的行为的严重性，而且还基于他们的家庭声誉和他们的社会劣势(McAra和McVie，2007)。由于这种影响在很大程度上仍未得到探索，我的博士研究考察了青年司法、警察、教育、早期干预、心理健康和志愿部门的从业人员是否根据家庭的社会地位对触犯法律的年轻人及其父母有不同的对待，以及机构工作做法对这些过程的影响。我发现，对青少年罪犯的干预侧重于管理他们的风险和脆弱性，但这种治疗可能会引导不同社会经济背景的客户走上不同的道路。在拟议的奖学金期间，我将首先将我的博士论文发展成专著，将我的博士后论文发展成期刊文章，并参加国际会议，向其他学者传播我的研究成果。为了最大限度地发挥我的博士研究的影响，我将回到参与我研究的机构，并以报告的形式向他们展示我的结果。我将通过在学术平台、该项目的社交媒体账号和网站上分享我的工作来提高公众对我的发现的认识。为了鼓励知识交流，我将举办一个为期一天的研讨会，让青年司法领域的学者、决策者和实践者汇聚一堂。在奖学金期间，第二，我将提高我的教学和研究相关技能。在牛津大学法律系，我将为青少年司法、犯罪和家庭、定性方法以及犯罪学和刑事司法等主题贡献研讨会。我将与犯罪学、法律和社会法律研究领域的早期职业研究人员和资深学者分享我的研究成果，参加法律系举办的工作坊和系列研讨会。我还将与来自其他领域(教育、精神病学、互联网研究)的研究人员合作，作为排挤生活项目的一部分，该项目正在从多学科的角度研究学校排斥的做法以及英国各地被排斥后儿童的轨迹。第三，我将根据我的博士学位开展进一步的有限研究。在我的博士后研究中，我将研究在设计青年司法干预措施时评估年轻人的风险和需求是否、如何以及为什么可以歧视地发挥作用。我将探讨歧视的不同方面(例如，根据社会阶层、种族、族裔、性别、残疾)，以及当从业人员使用风险评估工具时，它们如何相互交织。我将在牛津郡的一个青少年攻击队(YOT)内进行我的研究。我之所以选择这个研究网站，是因为YOTS为那些冒犯或有被冒犯风险的儿童提供服务。此外，YOTS的日常做法由标准化的风险评估指南提供信息，专业人员必须使用这些指南。最后，我将在博士后研究员、资深学者和法学院研究支持和管理团队的帮助下，开发未来的资助申请。我的目标是申请ESCR新调查员奖学金、英国学院博士后奖学金或勒沃胡尔姆早期职业奖学金，以研究特定的政治、法律和社会文化背景如何影响英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰青年司法领域风险评估的公正性。

项目成果

Book review: Generations through Prison: Experiences of Intergenerational Incarceration

书评：几代人经历监狱：代际监禁的经历

• DOI: 10.1177/1748895820972494
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Criminology & Criminal Justice
• 影响因子: 1.5
• 作者: Arnez J

Absence from School and Absence of Data: The Punitiveness of Ignoring School Absenteeism in "Penal Exceptionalism"

缺课与数据缺失：“刑罚例外论”中忽视缺课现象的惩罚性

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Arnez, J

The Tentacles of School Exclusion and Youth Justice: A Contextual Understanding of Young People in Conflict with the Law

学校排斥和青少年正义的触角：对触犯法律的年轻人的背景理解

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Arnez, J.

Barry Goldson, Chris Cunneen, Sophie Russell, David Brown, Eileen Baldry, Melanie Schwartz, and Damon Briggs, Youth Justice and Penality in Comparative Context

巴里·戈德森、克里斯·库尼恩、索菲·拉塞尔、大卫·布朗、艾琳·鲍德里、梅兰妮·施瓦茨和达蒙·布里格斯，《比较背景下的青年正义与刑罚》

• DOI: 10.1177/14624745211063121
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Punishment & Society
• 作者: Arnez J

The legal frameworks and practices of conditional release in Slovenia: Parole, parole boards, and institutional dynamics (Howard League conference)

斯洛文尼亚有条件释放的法律框架和实践：假释、假释委员会和机构动态（霍华德联盟会议）

• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Arnez, J.