Risks, Needs and Discrimination: Examining the Fairness of Assessment and Planning Frameworks for Youth Justice Interventions

该研究金的目的是促进关于青年越轨行为、养育子女和体制性歧视之间的交叉点的文献的发展。对青少年犯罪的理解是由个人和家庭风险因素引发的，这一理解植根于犯罪学理论和联合王国的青少年司法实践（法林顿，2003年）。然而，研究表明，机构的选择效应不仅根据年轻人挑战行为的严重性，而且还根据他们的家庭声誉和社会劣势，将他们推入系统（McAra和McVie，2007年）。由于这些影响在很大程度上尚未探索，我的博士研究探讨了青年司法，警察，教育，早期干预，心理健康和志愿服务部门的从业人员是否根据家庭的社会地位，以及机构工作实践对这些过程的影响，以不同的方式对待陷入法律困境的年轻人及其父母。我发现，对青少年罪犯的干预侧重于管理他们的风险和脆弱性，但这种治疗可能会导致不同社会经济背景的客户走上不同的道路。在计划中的奖学金期间，我将首先将我的博士论文发展成专著，将我的博士后论文发展成期刊文章，并参加国际会议，向同行学者传播我的研究成果。为了最大限度地发挥我的博士研究的影响，我将回到参与我的研究的机构，并以报告的形式向他们展示我的研究结果。我将通过在学术平台、该项目的社交媒体账户和网站上分享我的工作，提高公众对我的发现的认识。为了鼓励知识交流，我将组织一个为期一天的研讨会，将青年司法领域的学者、政策制定者和从业人员聚集在一起。在研究金的过程中，我将，第二，提高我的教学和研究相关的技能。在牛津大学法学院，我将在青年司法，犯罪和家庭，定性方法以及犯罪学和刑事司法等主题的研讨会。我将通过参加法学院提供的研讨会和系列研讨会，与犯罪学，法律和社会法律研究领域的早期职业研究人员和高级学者分享我的发现。我也将与其他领域的研究人员（教育，精神病学，互联网研究）合作，作为被排斥的生活项目的一部分，该项目从多学科的角度研究英国各地学校排斥的做法和儿童排斥后的轨迹。第三，我将在我的博士学位的基础上进行进一步的有限研究。在我的博士后研究，我将研究是否，如何以及为什么评估年轻人的风险和需求时，设计青年司法干预可以发挥歧视性。我将探讨歧视的不同方面（例如，根据社会阶层，种族，民族，性别，残疾），以及当从业者使用风险评估工具时，它们如何交叉。我将在牛津郡的一个青少年犯罪团队（YOT）进行我的研究。我之所以选择这个研究网站，是因为YOT为那些冒犯或有冒犯风险的儿童提供服务。此外，YOT内的日常做法由专业人员必须使用的标准化风险评估指南提供信息。最后，我将在博士后研究员、资深学者和法学院研究支持和管理团队的帮助下开发未来的资助申请。我的目标是获得ESCR新研究员奖学金、英国科学院博士后奖学金或Leverhulme早期职业奖学金，以研究特定的政治、法律的和社会文化背景如何影响英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北方的青少年司法风险评估的公平性。爱尔兰。

The Fellowship aims to contribute to the developing literature on the intersections between youth deviance, parenting and institutional discrimination. Understandings of youth crime as triggered by individual and familial risk factors have anchored themselves in criminological theory and the UK's youth justice practice (Farrington 2003). However, research has exposed the selection effects of institutions that propel young people into the system not only based on the seriousness of their challenging behaviour, but also according to their family's reputation and their social disadvantage (McAra and McVie 2007). As such effects have remained largely unexplored, my doctoral research examined whether practitioners within youth justice, the police, education, early intervention, mental health and the voluntary sector treat young people in trouble with the law and their parents differently according to the family's social status, as well as the impacts of institutional working practices on these processes. I found that interventions with young offenders focus on managing their risks and vulnerabilities, but this kind of treatment might be leading clients of different socioeconomic backgrounds on diverse pathways. During the proposed Fellowship, I will, firstly, develop my doctoral thesis into a monograph, my postdoctoral papers into journal articles, and attend international conferences to disseminate my research findings to fellow academics. To maximise the impact of my doctoral research, I will return to the institutions that participated in my study and present my results to them in the form of a report. I will raise awareness about my findings to the general public by sharing my work on academic platforms, the project's social media account and website. To encourage knowledge exchange, I will organise a one-day symposium that will bring together academics, policy-makers and practitioners within youth justice. In the course of the Fellowship, I will, secondly, advance my teaching and research-related skills. Within Oxford's Law Faculty, I will contribute seminars in the subjects of Youth Justice, Crime and the Family, Qualitative Methods as well as Criminology and Criminal Justice. I will share my findings with early career researchers and senior academics in the fields of criminology, law and socio-legal studies by partaking in workshops and seminar series offered by the Law Faculty. I will also collaborate with researchers from other fields (education, psychiatry, internet studies) as part of the Excluded Lives Project that is examining the practices of school exclusion and the trajectories of children post-exclusion across the UK from a multidisciplinary perspective.Thirdly, I will carry out further limited research based on my doctorate. In my postdoctoral study, I will examine whether, how and why assessing young people's risks and needs when designing youth justice interventions can play out discriminatorily. I will explore the different aspects of discrimination (e.g. according to social class, race, ethnicity, gender, disability) and how they intersect when practitioners employ risk assessment tools. I will conduct my research within one Youth Offending Team (YOT) in Oxfordshire. I have chosen this research site as YOTs provide services to children who offend or are 'at risk' of offending. Furthermore, the daily practices within YOTs are informed by standardised risk assessment guidelines that professionals are required to use. Lastly, I will develop future grant applications with the help of fellow postdoctoral researchers, senior academics, and the Law Faculty's Research Support and Administration Team. I aim to pursue an ESCR New Investigator Grant, a British Academy Postdoctoral Fellowship or a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship to examine how specific political, legal and socio-cultural contexts impact upon the fairness of risk assessment within youth justice in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.