Using linked Magistrates and Crown Court data to explore defendant appearance(s) over time: specialisation, escalation or de-escalation?

使用链接的治安法官和刑事法院数据来探索一段时间内被告的出庭情况:专业化、升级还是降级?

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    ES/V015656/1
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 13.14万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2021 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

A defendant enters the court room at the magistrates' or Crown Courts, will they be back some time in future? Will the next time be for a more serious crime? By following defendants in the time after they leave the court from one case, we will discover the rate that defendants return to the courts in a new case. The research will use the exciting new linked administrative datasets, available from the Office of National Statistics (ONS) for the first time, which will enable us to connect cases for a single defendant and follow the cases as they move from the magistrates' to the Crown Courts.The criminal career of the returning defendants will follow one of three trajectories. The defendant may return to the courts for the same offense in both the index case and the repeat case, exhibiting the notion of specialisation, where a criminal will commit the same type offense in their criminal career (Paternoster et al. 1998; A. Piquero et al. 1999). Secondly, the defendant may return to the courts for an offense that is more or less serious than in the previous case, exhibiting a trajectory of escalation or de-escalation respectively (Loeber & Stouthamer-Loeber, 1996).Through the application of methods from survival and recurrent event analysis. The project will first investigate the risk that defendants will return to the courts. Then this will extend to determine the risk for the separate events whereby a defendant returns for the same type of offence, or for a different offence in a case that is more or less serious, reflecting the trajectories in the defendants' criminal career. In conjunction, the influence of the defendants characteristics, such as age and gender, and characteristics from the index case, such as plea and outcome, will be controlled for and determined.In understanding the risk that a defendant will return to the courts, public services such as the police, probation and prison services can make informed and evidence based decisions in regards to monitoring and crime prevention. This an outcome that has already been seen following the publication of 'Vulnerable births mothers and recurrent care proceedings: Final summary report' (Broadhurst et al. 2017), which demonstrated the potential of these methods to fundamentally change the outlook of preventative services. Through the application of these methods, adapting them to the criminal justice service and taking them further will produce similar insights within the magistrates' and Crown Courts.
被告进入裁判法院或刑事法庭的法庭时,他们将来会否再来?下次会不会是更严重的犯罪?通过跟踪被告在一个案件中离开法庭后的时间,我们将发现被告在新案件中返回法庭的比率。这项研究将使用国家统计局(ONS)首次提供的令人兴奋的新关联管理数据集,这将使我们能够将单个被告的案件联系起来,并跟踪案件从地方法院转移到皇家法院的过程。返回的被告的犯罪生涯将遵循以下三种轨迹之一。被告可能会在第一起案件和重犯案件中因同样的罪行再次出庭,这显示了专业化的概念,即罪犯在其犯罪生涯中会犯下同样类型的罪行(Paternoster et al. 1998; a . Piquero et al. 1999)。其次,被告可能会因比前一个案件更严重或更轻的罪行再次出庭,分别表现出升级或降级的轨迹(Loeber & stouthmer -Loeber, 1996)。通过应用生存和复发事件分析方法。该项目将首先调查被告重返法庭的风险。然后,这将扩展到确定单独事件的风险,即被告因同一类型的犯罪而返回,或者在一个或多或少严重的案件中因不同的犯罪而返回,反映被告犯罪生涯的轨迹。同时,将控制和确定被告的特征(如年龄和性别)以及索引案件的特征(如辩护和结果)的影响。在了解被告重返法庭的风险后,警察、缓刑和监狱服务等公共服务部门可以在监测和预防犯罪方面做出知情和基于证据的决定。这一结果在《弱势产妇和经常性护理程序:最终总结报告》(Broadhurst et al. 2017)发表后已经看到,该报告证明了这些方法从根本上改变预防性服务前景的潜力。通过应用这些方法,使其适应刑事司法服务并进一步推广,将在地方法院和刑事法院产生类似的见解。

项目成果

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Rebecca Pattinson其他文献

Rebecca Pattinson的其他文献

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