The Politics of Road transport InsuraNCE (PRINCE)

道路运输保险的政治 (PRINCE)

• 批准号: ES/W002108/1
• 负责人: Johannes Kester
• 金额: $ 30.9万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FW002108%2F1
• 关键词: Politics; Road; transport; InsuraNCE; PRINCE

This project studies the role of insurance in the transition of road transport: a systemic transformation of our mobility following changes and innovations in technology, user practices, policy, knowledge and business models.From an insurance perspective four developments stand out. (1) The growing availability of mobility data from increasingly real-time sensor data from vehicles, infrastructure, cameras, etc. (2) The automation and increasing connectivity of vehicles that shift liability from drivers and operators to automated and connected driving systems. (3) The electrification of vehicles, which adds new (fire) risks and cost calculations. And (4) the new (shared) forms of mobility that emerge around e-scooters, (private) car-sharing and ride-hailing services.There is a need to govern these trends as they come with new opportunities and risks to transport climate emission targets, road-safety, urban planning and accessibility. There is also a need to understand how insurers respond to these innovations that affect their whole business: from their risk analyses, product development and liability all the way to a potential shrinking of the overall market.These two needs are closely interrelated. The disciplines that study the insurance aspects of these developments, like law, transport and underwriting, typically do so with the goal to improve and optimize insurance assessments, products and premiums. Missing from this work is the insight from critical security studies (CSS) that insurance acts as a form of governance. For example, people who cannot afford or are rejected for insurance are legally excluded from driving a car in most developed countries. Similarly, insurers actively use premiums to guide 'risky' people, often young drivers, to drive more carefully. Insurance thus helps direct mobility, which implies that there is a direct link between how insurance is organized internally and how these aforementioned trends are governed socially.CSS offers this insight based on its study of the role that security plays in society. A core argument in CSS is that how people do security or insurance, not just whether people are secure or insured, is important because such acts and decisions inherently have discriminatory effects: they differentiate between those with and without protection and distribute resources accordingly. CSS thus asks why certain technologies, activities or behaviours are considered risky at certain times and places. This is an important question, because the four developments offer an opportunity to understand how insurers observe, learn and adapt their old routines to these new developments. Developments on which they have no or little data, statistical models, terms and conditions or claims handling processes.The aim of PRINCE is therefore to understand to what extent and how road transport insurance practices are affected by and affecting the above four developments in road transport. The first objective is to collect, classify, analyse and share recent information on the way road transport insurance practices are affected by and affecting the above listed trends. Over the course of 18 months, the project will conduct an academic literature review, a systematic empirical and legal document analysis and up to 75 stakeholder interviews across three carefully selected cases (the United Kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands), organize workshops and distribute the findings. This will be accomplished with the help of a research associate, as the second aim and objective are for the investigator to gain the skills and experience to lead his own future research teams.In short, this project generates a deeper understanding of the role that insurance plays as a form of governance of a more sustainable road transport system while offering an updated empirical overview of how insurance deals with fast-changing transport innovations.

该项目研究保险在道路运输转型中的作用：随着技术、用户实践、政策、知识和商业模式的变化和创新，我们的移动性发生了系统性的转变。从保险的角度来看，四个发展脱颖而出。(1)来自车辆、基础设施、摄像头等越来越实时的传感器数据的移动性数据的可用性不断增加。（2）车辆的自动化和日益增强的连接性将责任从驾驶员和操作员转移到自动化和连接的驾驶系统。(3)车辆电气化，增加了新的（火灾）风险和成本计算。（4）围绕电动滑板车、（私人）汽车共享和叫车服务出现的新的（共享）出行形式。有必要治理这些趋势，因为它们给交通气候排放目标、道路安全、城市规划和可达性带来了新的机遇和风险。此外，保险公司还需要了解如何应对这些影响其整个业务的创新：从风险分析、产品开发和责任，一直到整体市场的潜在萎缩。这两种需求密切相关。研究这些发展的保险方面的学科，如法律，运输和承保，通常这样做的目标是改善和优化保险评估，产品和保费。这项工作中缺少的是关键安全研究（CSS）的洞察力，即保险是一种治理形式。例如，在大多数发达国家，买不起保险或被拒绝投保的人在法律上被排除在开车之外。同样，保险公司积极利用保费来引导“风险”人群（通常是年轻司机）更小心地驾驶。因此，保险有助于直接流动，这意味着保险如何在内部组织和如何在社会上管理这些趋势之间存在直接联系。CSS基于对安全在社会中所扮演角色的研究提供了这一见解。CSS的一个核心论点是，人们如何进行保障或保险，而不仅仅是人们是否有保障或保险，这一点很重要，因为这种行为和决定本身就具有歧视性影响：它们区分有保护和没有保护的人，并相应地分配资源。因此，CSS提出了为什么某些技术、活动或行为在某些时间和地点被认为是危险的问题。这是一个重要的问题，因为这四个发展提供了一个机会，了解保险公司如何观察，学习和调整他们的旧惯例，以适应这些新的发展。因此，PRINCE的目的是了解道路运输保险实践在多大程度上以及如何受到道路运输上述四种发展的影响。第一个目标是收集、分类、分析和分享关于道路运输保险做法如何受到上述趋势的影响以及如何影响上述趋势的最新信息。在18个月的时间里，该项目将进行一次学术文献审查，一次系统的经验和法律的文件分析，并就三个精心挑选的案例（联合王国、德国和荷兰）进行多达75次利益攸关方访谈，组织讲习班并分发调查结果。这将在一名研究助理的帮助下完成，因为第二个目的和目标是让研究人员获得领导自己未来研究团队的技能和经验。简而言之，该项目加深了对保险作为一种更可持续的道路运输系统治理形式所发挥作用的理解，同时提供了关于保险如何应对快速、安全和可持续发展的最新经验概述。改变交通创新。